Tidal flood is a phenomenon where seawater overflows onto land due to high tides. Along the northern coast of Java (Pantura), Indonesia, for instance, tidal floods are a frequent occurrence and pose a serious threat to shrimp farming operations. When a tidal flood hits, farmers often face a range of problems such as damaged ponds, shrimp mortality, and significant financial losses.
The frequency of tidal floods is increasing and it is driven by several factors, including climate change that results in rising sea levels, excessive groundwater extraction that causes land subsidence, and the degradation of coastal ecosystems due to the loss of mangrove forests, which serve as natural buffers. Extreme weather with strong winds and high waves also worsen the situation, making it easier for seawater to overflow coastal areas.
Without timely anticipation, tidal floods can pose a major threat to the future of shrimp farming in the coastal area. What are the impacts? What actions and strategies can be taken to respond? Find out the answer in the discussion below.
Impacts of Tidal Floods on Shrimp Farming
When tidal floods hit, shrimp farmers may face several challenges, including
- Seawater entering the ponds can disrupt salinity and dissolved oxygen levels, making shrimp more susceptible to disease.
- Tidal floods may damage pond embankments and equipment and cause pond soil contamination.
- Many farmers lose their harvests due to prolonged pond submersion during high tides.
- Capitals made for farming can go to waste, and repair costs are often substantial.
Post-Tidal Flood Actions to Restore Shrimp Farming
To resume shrimp farming operations after a tidal flood, farmers need to take the following steps:
- Drain the pond immediately as floodwater may carry pathogens and harmful substances.
- Repair pond infrastructure by inspecting and fixing embankments, water channels, and pumps to restore proper function.
- Ensure salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels are optimal before restocking new shrimp fry.
- Clean the pond bottom using dolomite lime or other sterilizing materials to prevent disease outbreaks.
- Add probiotics in the pond water to support the recovery of a healthy microbial ecosystem.
Strategies to Anticipate Tidal Floods
Choosing Pond Location
Choose a farming site that is safe from flooding. Ideally, the pond should be located far from the shoreline and on higher ground or with a decent slope. It aims to prevent water puddles during tidal changes.
