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Vannamei shrimp disease is one of the biggest threats that farmers need to be aware of. Late mitigation might cause mass mortality, which in turn causes huge losses for shrimp farmers. Although farmers may still proceed with harvest, shrimp with diseases will have lower selling prices. It is therefore crucial for farmers to know the most common vannamei shrimp diseases that threaten their farms and understand their prevention methods.

## The most common diseases in shrimp farms

![Surveu prevalensi penyakit udang di Indonesia](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Prevalensi_penyakit_udang_2023_712eaaef88.png)

Before learning the prevention tips, farmers should get to know the most common diseases in shrimp farms. 

### Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)
AHPND is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi bacteria. Shrimp with AHPND will have an empty gut, pale and shrunk hepatopancreas, soft skin, and black spots on its hepatopancreas. Mortality will occur 10 days after stocking, causing shrimp to sink at the bottom of the pond. 
 
### White Feces Disease (WFD)
White Feces Disease is caused by several species of the Vibrio bacteria. Shrimp with WFD will egest white-colored feces which floats on water or accumulates on feeding trays. Shrimp will also have a lower appetite and growth rate. WFD may infect on the 50-60th day of cultivation, causing productivity to drop by 20-30%. Mortality rate caused by WFD reaches 60%. 

### Infectious Myonecrosis
Infectious Myonecrosis is caused by the Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV). Shrimp that catch this disease can be characterized by a paler color, which then turns red at the bottom down to the tail. Shrimp will also experience [muscle cramps](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/does-your-shrimp-experience-cramps-learn-the-causes-and-mitigations). This disease is considered a chronic disease as it can only cause mortality 9-13 days after infection.

### Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) 
HPM is a vannamei shrimp disease caused by the parasitic microsporidia Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. This disease causes slowed growth which can be clearly seen from the difference in shrimp sizes in the same pond. If not treated, shrimp will experience mortality. HPM is often caused by poor biosecurity in the farm. 

## Preventing vannamei shrimp disease in the farm
After knowing the different shrimp diseases that may threaten your farm, it’s time to learn the mitigation tips and ensure that your cultivation runs in a productive and sustainable manner.

### 1. Monitoring water quality
Water quality is the overall physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that make water usable for cultivation. Maintaining water quality, such as pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature, is a crucial component in shrimp ponds. If the water quality is not ideal or undergoes sudden changes, shrimp may experience stress and become more susceptible to diseases. By regularly measuring water quality variables with [the right measurement device](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/jala-baruno-a-convenient-accurate-and-robust-pond-water-quality-measurement-device), shrimp farmers can determine whether the pond's water conditions are optimum or need further adjustment. Thus, farmers can take immediate steps to restore the water conditions to normal.

### 2. Applying biosecurity
Biosecurity is a crucial part of preventing vannamei shrimp diseases, and encompasses all efforts to prevent the entry and spread of disease-causing organisms in aquaculture. The implementation of biosecurity measures should occur at all stages of cultivation, from farm preparation, water treatment, stocking, water quality management, feeding, sampling, harvesting, to preparation for the next cycle. This does not just apply to farmers, but all field technicians and workers involved in shrimp ponds must strictly adhere to biosecurity measures.

Read more: [The Application of Biosecurity in Shrimp Farms: Cleaning and Sterilization](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-application-of-biosecurity-in-shrimp-farms-cleaning-and-sterilization)

### 3. Using high quality shrimp fry
The success of cultivation is highly dependent on shrimp fry quality. Farmers can choose Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) or Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) fry. SPF-certified fry are guaranteed to be free of specific pathogens, especially viruses. Meanwhile, SPR fry possess genetic traits that provide resistance or tolerance to specific pathogens such as TSV, IHHNV, or WSSV. SPF and SPR are independent characteristics, which means not all SPF fry also falls under the SPR category. Typically, SPR fry does not need to be SPF certified.

### 4. Maintaining carrying capacity
[Carrying capacity](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-carrying-capacity-in-shrimp-cultivation) is the limit to which an environment, in this case shrimp ponds, can support the growth and life of existing organisms. Carrying capacity decreases as cultivation age increases. Poor carrying capacity increases the chances of disease to infect and spread in the pond, as organic matter at the pond's bottom can be used by pathogens for their growth. Moreover, low carrying capacity also results in a decline in water quality. Therefore, it’s essential to maintain shrimp ponds’ carrying capacity with a well-planned feeding program, regular siphoning, and partial harvesting if necessary.

### 5. Do regular sampling
Sampling helps to detect shrimp that are infected with disease or stressed. Sampling also serves as an early security warning, which is one of the best steps to anticipate shrimp infection. Monitoring can be done regularly from the beginning of cultivation. When conducting sampling, make sure the shrimp are not in the molting stage. Conduct sampling when the conditions are not too sunny, or 2-3 hours after feeding. Don't forget to input your sampling data into [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) for easier and more convenient monitoring.

By understanding shrimp diseases and implementing preventive strategies, farmers can avoid losses and ensure that cultivation reaches the desired target. Make sure to conduct regular water quality monitoring and implement biosecurity at every stage of cultivation to keep your shrimp farm productive and sustainable!

Farmers should know the most common vannamei shrimp diseases that threaten their farms and understand their prevention methods.

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Tips to Prevent Vannamei Shrimp Diseases in the Farm 

Feed is the largest component in shrimp farming costs, which approximately accounts for 50-70% of the total costs in each cycle. Farmers may find it difficult to overcome the high expense, particularly if they haven't implemented the optimum feeding strategies. Farmers often face financial challenges when feed expenses surpass their budget.

On the one hand, feed is indeed one of the most crucial components of cultivation since it enhances shrimp growth, particularly in semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive farms that mostly rely on artificial feed. However, shrimp do not actually consume all the feed given. They only consume 85% of the feed, while the remaining 15% goes to the water column.

Considering the large costs and the behavior of shrimp in ponds, farmers need to find efficient ways to feed their shrimp. Efficiency will help farmers prevent budget overruns and avoid losses.

## Tips to improve feeding efficiency
Improving feeding efficiency does not occur instantly. It requires effort and perseverance to implement the right efficiency measures. Below are some tips that farmers can implement to improve feeding efficiency:

### Use high quality feed
High quality feed gives shrimp the nutrients they require to grow and develop optimally. The physical characteristics of the feed and its stability in water are the important quality indicators. Make sure the feed does not clump and the length and diameter of the feed are similar. Feed is also considered decent if it remains stable for 2-3 hours in water, since the shrimp will have no trouble digesting it.

### Adjust the feeding management
[Adjust feeding management](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/one-important-step-in-feed-efficiency-make-regular-adjustments) regularly. By doing so, feed efficiency remains optimal and the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) stays within the ideal range. Adjust it based on the needs and age of the shrimp, for example, crumble feed should be given when the shrimp reach Day of Culture (DoC) 16-45 days. Farmers can also calculate the amount of feed needed using the feed index method when the DoC of the shrimp is 30 days until harvest time. Feed index is the finding of the amount of feed given to shrimp with a percentage of the index.

When feeding, consider the amount of feed and the feeding schedule. Ensure the feed is spread evenly in the pond. By doing so, the shrimp can get enough feed and prevent feed buildup in one spot in the pond, which will affect water quality.

### Control water quality
Shrimp growth can be slowed by poor water quality, which also lowers feeding efficiency. According to Krisiyanto, et al. (2021), leftover feed contains organic material that causes ammonia to arise and decreases water quality.

[Regular water quality control](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-monitoring-and-how-to-read-its-results) is therefore essential. It is best to measure water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, salinity and DO, with an accurate measurement device daily.

## The importance of feeding tray in shrimp farming
Improving feed efficiency goes hand in hand with regular monitoring of shrimp appetite. This monitoring can be done through feeding trays. With feeding trays, farmers can track the growth of shrimp over time and see whether the feed given has been consumed by the shrimp. Monitoring through feeding trays is done every day, 2-3 hours after feeding.

In addition to being used to monitor shrimp appetite, feeding trays are also used to monitor shrimp health. From the shrimp samples in the feeding tray, farmers can have a better understanding of the shrimp's physical appearance. Farmers can send their shrimp sample straight to the laboratory if they notice any unusual signs, including black spots on the shrimp’s body.

## Use JALA App to record feeding data
One more thing that should not be missed is recording feed data. This will help farmers in managing feed and support efficient feeding strategies.

To make recording easier, JALA helps farmers through [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). In JALA App, farmers can record the daily amount of feed given in each pond. From the recorded data collection, farmers can get projections of cultivation conditions in one cycle.

![record shrimp feed](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/artikel_catat_pakan_en_3f56170294.png)

Let's increase feeding efficiency to make cultivation run sustainably and productively. Start with a small step: recording feeding data in [JALA App](https://app.jala.tech). Download now on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&pcampaignid=web_share) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818)!

#### References
[High Quality Feed for Shrimp Growth | JALA](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/high-quality-feed-for-shrimp-growth) 

Krisiyanto, et al. (2021). Komunitas Fitoplankton Dan Kualitas Air Budidaya Udang Vannamei di Marine Science Techno Park Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 10(4), 501-507. 

Farmers need to find efficient ways to feed their shrimp. Efficiency will help farmers prevent budget overruns and avoid losses.

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Feed Causes Budget to Overruns, How to Make It Efficient?

Disease is still a major challenge in shrimp farming. Apart from the risk of leading to cultivation failure, disease is also the beginning of losses. Meanwhile, many farmers are still unaware of the importance of technology for shrimp cultivation, whereas technology plays a significant role in reducing issues in cultivation.

To help farmers in dealing with disease and grasp the importance of shrimp farming technology, JALA held the 12th [SHRIMPS TALK](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/newest-methods-in-handling-shrimp-disease-and-water-quality) webinar on November 28, 2023. There were 98 attendees in this webinar, all of them were eager to learn and discuss these two topics.

This SHRIMPS TALK featured two speakers, namely Dr. Heny Budi Utari, M.Sc. (General Manager of Animal Health Service of CP. Prima) and Rina Wardhana, S.T. (Senior Technical Manager of JALA). In particular, Dr. Heny talked about strategies for controlling shrimp diseases, while Mr. Rina discussed the technological management of shrimp ponds.

## 5 strategies to control shrimp diseases
Some shrimp farmers use certain organic materials to increase plankton growth. However, the addition of organic material goes along with a high stocking density, resulting in collapse.

Regarding the administration of organic materials into the cultivation system, Dr. Heny advised farmers to ensure that the organic materials administered can be broken down properly to avoid  disease. Using low-protein feed is an alternative way to keep the amount of organic waste under check.

In addition, there are still many farmers who have not installed wastewater treatment plants. Meanwhile, pond waste contains feed residue, feces, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and more. This untreated pond waste will ultimately trigger the emergence of [shrimp diseases](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/harmful-bacterial-diseases-in-shrimp-farming).

![ST12_weather and tides monitoring.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/ST_12_weather_and_tides_monitoring_711289329b.png)

Regarding shrimp disease control, Dr. Heny suggested the implementation of these 5 strategies:

### 1. Monitor weather and tides
According to the attached data, rainfall increases significantly near the end of 2022 but drops in December of the same year. Shrimp farmers should monitor the weather because of this fluctuating behavior. That way, they can predict when the tides will occur and when the rainfall will increase.

### 2. Genetic improvement
The shrimp industry in Ecuador has succeeded in developing SPR (Specific Pathogen Resistant) broodstock. Even though EHP are still found, they can survive because the stocking density in the pond is not too high. Meanwhile, the shrimp industry in Vietnam starts using nursery ponds to better prepare their fry for life in grow-out ponds.

### 3. Biosecurity implementation
Biosecurity must be implemented at every stage of cultivation. During preparation, farmers can install bird scaring devices and crab protecting walls. Meanwhile, once the cultivation process is underway, farmers can provide simple hand washing facilities in the pond and monitor shrimp health regularly.

### 4. Transformation of cultivation systems
It is also possible to transform cultivation systems, particularly in the case of plankton systems, plankton-bacteria balance, and indoor and outdoor biofloc systems. The biofloc system is believed to be capable of controlling pathogens and handling AHPND and EHP.

In addition, the usage of filters made of different materials, such as stone, palm fiber, and so forth, can be taken into consideration. Water filters can reduce TOM values by <10 ppm, but it must still be accompanied by water changes. Other essential facilities are pumps, central and upper drainage, and reservoirs.

Another factor that is no less important is adequate pond water. Since many ponds have difficulty implementing water changes, the buildup of organic matter and vibrio content in them is quite high.

### 5. Controls vibrio
It is critical to monitor the results of bacteria and water quality analyses in order to control vibrio in ponds. Through feeding trays, farmers can identify shrimp samples to control the shrimp's diet and overall health. In addition, administering probiotics helps strengthen the immune system of the shrimp.

In conclusion, diseases remain a problem for shrimp farming, particularly those caused by vibrio. In the meantime, further research is needed to determine the optimal disease control measures, which must also be properly applied for shrimp farming to be successful.

## Technology management in shrimp farms
Dr. John A. Hargreaves, an aquaculture expert with over 40 years of experience, defines aquaculture as an effort to produce aquatic organisms with economic or social value from a  source by using controlled technological methods. Thus, the role of technology needs to become farmers’ attention.

Given the high potential of aquaculture resources, there are several important factors that influence the success and growth of the aquaculture industry. Apart from water quality, feed availability, physical environmental conditions, and so on, technological innovation also has a significant role.

![ST12_resource potential.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/ST_12_resource_potential_7d3a5de6ee.png)

Aquaculture technology refers to the collection of methods, knowledge, and tools used in the practice of cultivating shrimp, fish, and aquatic plants. It covers various aspects, including technology levels, environmental management, nutrition, feeding, disease control, reproduction, and operational management.

Meanwhile, shrimp farm technology management refers to the application of various technologies to increase productivity, efficiency and sustainability of cultivation. These three aspects must not be overlooked in cultivation.

Furthermore, there are several technologies that can be applied in shrimp ponds, including

### 1. Aeration technology
The usage of aeration technology is crucial since shrimp growth depends on adequate oxygen levels. Paddlewheel aerators, surface aerators, airlift pump aerators, and spiral aerators are a few types of aeration technology. The wheel helps with stirring, which affects the pond's surface and bottom oxygen levels.

### 2. Water quality monitoring technology
Many water quality parameters, such as pH, DO, temperature, and salinity, can be measured, monitored, and analyzed with the use of water quality monitoring technology. Examples of this technology are multiparameter water quality measurement devices, test kits, pH meters, and refractometers (for salinity).

### 3. Automatic feeding technology
As the name suggests, this technology uses automation to speed up and improve the practicality of feeding. Shrimp can grow more optimally because they are provided with adequate food regularly. Examples of automatic feeding technology are a feeding monitoring system to identify shrimp eating habits and auto feeders to optimize the amount and frequency of feed.

### 4. Shrimp farm management system
This system is important because it can help farmers manage the overall cultivation process more efficiently. An example of this system is a farm management application that records and analyzes shrimp cultivation conditions. Daily recorded data can provide projections regarding cultivation performance from cycle to cycle. Through this application, farmers can monitor their ponds remotely in real time, and from the analysis provided, farmers can make the right decisions for their cultivation.

At this 12th SHRIMPS TALK, the participants gained various new insights and enthusiastically asked questions about the topics discussed. JALA hopes that discussions regarding disease control and shrimp farm technology management can help farmers achieve more sustainable and productive cultivation.

For those involved in the shrimp cultivation industry, let’s follow JALA's Instagram account at [@jalaindonesia](http://instagram.com/jalaindonesia) to get insights, tips and tricks, as well as the latest news about shrimp farms. Don't miss the SHRIMPS TALK schedule and other events from JALA. See you at the next SHRIMPS TALK!

To help farmers in dealing with disease and grasp the importance of shrimp farming technology, JALA held the 12th SHRIMPS TALK webinar on November 28, 2023.

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5 Strategies to Control Shrimp Diseases and the Importance of Technology for Cultivation

JALA has just completed a series A funding round of US$13.1 million. With this round of funding, JALA is determined to strengthen the shrimp cultivation industry in Indonesia. Apart from that, JALA also plans to expand its operations in several regions in Indonesia, including Sumatra, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara. These three regions have unique potential for the growth of the shrimp farming industry.

This series A funding round was led by Intudo Ventures, the only VC firm that exclusively invests in Indonesia, with the participation of SMDV, a VC company focusing on technology companies. JALA also has support from existing investors, namely Mirova, an investment manager that focuses on sustainable investment, and Meloy Fund, an investment fund that focuses on the fisheries and seafood sector.

Liris Maduningtyas, Co-Founder and CEO of JALA, revealed JALA's vision for the future.

>Paving the way to a sustainable future for Indonesia's shrimp industry is at the heart of JALA's mission. With the backing of Intudo and SMDV, we are more thrilled than ever to amplify our efforts. This funding will enable us to bring our end-to-end shrimp farming solution to remote areas in Indonesia and equip local farmers with the technological and financial support they need in advancing the country's shrimp production.

Patrick Yip, Founding Partner of Intudo Ventures expressed his enthusiasm toward JALA.

>As the world’s fourth-largest producer of shrimp, Indonesia plays a critical role in the global seafood supply chain. With the continued evolution of the country’s shrimp industry, the demand for modern cultivation solutions has risen in tandem. JALA’s suite of digital solutions helps farmers create tangible economic value, increasing farming yields, and leading to more sustainable cultivation practices—bringing Indonesian shrimp to global markets. We’re excited to support JALA in their mission to digitize and strengthen shrimp farming in Indonesia.

Founded in 2017, JALA is a digital ecosystem enabler for the shrimp industry value chain, providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to streamline the shrimp farming process—improving productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. JALA provides farmers with a suite of advanced technology services, including data-driven aquaculture analysis and integrated multiparameter [water quality monitoring device](https://jala.tech/baruno), as well as access farm assistance, farm financing, high quality supplies and inputs, and marketplace services to bring harvest to market.

JALA has made a significant impact in the shrimp industry, gaining trust from over 20,000 users. Through [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), JALA has monitored shrimp across more than 35,300 ponds. JALA has also collaborated with Conservation International in building the first Climate Smart Shrimp, a combined intensification effort with mangrove restoration for traditional shrimp farms.

JALA also offers [harvest access services](https://jala.tech/harvest) to help farmers bring their product to market. Farmers can tap into a streamlined system to bring their harvest to market, complete with fast and secure payment options. This service facilitates easy access to markets, ensuring that farmers receive prompt and fair payment for their produce. JALA also offers farm assistance, which gives farmers the direct guidance and support they need in tackling day-to-day challenges in their farms.

**-###-**

**For media inquiries or interview requests, please contact:**
Clara - VP of Marketing ([clara@jala.tech](mailto:clara@jala.tech) or WhatsApp message +628-777-511-0908)

**About JALA**

JALA is a leading technology company in the aquaculture industry, specializing in comprehensive end-to-end solutions for shrimp farming. Our mission is to enhance production, profitability, and sustainability in shrimp farming. We offer a suite of products and services that cover the entire cultivation process and extend to the industrial supply chain.

Our offerings include cultivation consultation and assistance, inputs and funding for cultivation, advanced cultivation technology, as well as services for harvesting and market access. A key aspect of our operations is our commitment to sustainability, ensuring that every step of the process adheres to environmentally responsible practices.

Trusted by over 20,000 users, JALA has made a significant impact in the industry. Through our flagship JALA App, we have monitored over 15,700 tons of shrimp across more than 35,300 ponds. Additionally, more than 9,900 tons of shrimp have been successfully harvested with our assistance. Our approach integrates cutting-edge technology with practical solutions, positioning JALA as a pivotal player in transforming the aquaculture landscape. We continue to strive for excellence, driving innovation, and setting new standards in the aquaculture technology space.

For more information, please visit [https://www.jala.tech/](https://www.jala.tech/)

**About Intudo Ventures**

Intudo Ventures is the only VC firm that exclusively invests in Indonesia.

Intudo manages more than US$230M million in committed capital and acts as the “Indonesia-beachhead” strategy for many of the top financial institutions, funds, and family offices in the world, and supports the digitalization strategy for a hyperlocal network of 35+ diversified conglomerates/families in Indonesia.

The firm invests in Indonesian homegrown companies led by best-in-class Pulkam S.E.A. Turtle and local founders in the agriculture, B2B & enterprise, education, finance & insurance, health & wellness, logistics, and new retail & entertainment sectors. Intudo portfolio companies include Xendit, Pintu, Pinhome, Halodoc, Kargo, iSeller, PasarPolis, Nalagenetics, and more.

For more information, please visit [https://intudovc.com/](https://intudovc.com/)

JALA has just completed a series A funding round of US$13.1 million. With this round of funding, JALA is determined to strengthen the shrimp cultivation industry in Indonesia.

JALA Raised Series A Funding $13.1 Million

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Raised Series A Funding of US$13.1 Million, JALA Is Determined to Strengthen Shrimp Cultivation in Indonesia

Paddlewheels are one of the essential tools in shrimp ponds. Shrimp pond paddlewheels are necessary because one of the basic needs for shrimp to survive is an adequate supply of oxygen. In shrimp ponds with semi-intensive, intensive, or super-intensive systems with high stocking densities, achieving sufficient oxygen levels is challenging without the use of paddlewheels.

## The role of oxygen for shrimp
Oxygen plays a crucial role in the respiration and metabolic reactions of organisms in pond ecosystems, not only for shrimp, but also [plankton](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/tips-on-growing-the-plankton-in-shrimp-farm) and bacteria. Oxygen in water exists in the form of dissolved oxygen (DO). The ideal DO level for shrimp ponds is not less than 4 ppm.

Hypoxia conditions, where DO falls below 2 ppm, can lead to decreased growth, lower survival rates (SR), disrupted feeding, irregular molting, impaired osmoregulation capacity, and weakened immune defenses, making shrimp more susceptible to diseases. One of the signs of low DO is shrimp swimming to the water's surface.

Lack of DO in aquatic ecosystems, especially below 3 ppm, can also trigger the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at the bottom of the pond. H2S is harmful to shrimp as it inhibits the respiratory processes. The combination of low pH, low oxygen, and low temperature makes hydrogen sulfide even more harmful. Optimizing aeration and water circulation helps prevent the formation of dead zones with no flow and oxygen deficiency at the pond bottom.

## Maintaining DO levels with paddlewheels
The function of shrimp farm paddlewheels is to create water movement that generates strong water splashes. This leads to the formation of air bubbles in water with a mechanical aeration system. This way, pond paddlewheels help increase DO concentration and reduce excess CO2.

Shrimp pond paddlewheels play a vital role as a source of DO, especially during nighttime when there is no photosynthesis. Phytoplanktons, which naturally produce oxygen, also require oxygen for respiration at night. Additionally, paddlewheels prevent stratification of water quality variables (DO, pH, plankton, and salinity), control sediment deposition, maximize feeding areas, and reduce dead zones. The required oxygen increases as shrimp biomass increases. Paddlewheels also aid in improving water quality by stimulating the stability of phytoplankton growth.

## Considerations before installing a paddlewheel
If you plan to install a paddlewheel in your shrimp pond, pay attention to its location. It should be positioned to gather sediment or mud precisely at the center of the pond bottom. The paddlewheel's requirement can be predicted based on the amount of feed per day or the shrimp biomass in the pond.

Read more: [High-Quality Feed for Shrimp Growth](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/high-quality-feed-for-shrimp-growth)

However, it is important to know that the rotation of the paddlewheel should create water currents that evenly distribute the pond's water quality vertically and horizontally. The presence of a paddlewheel is essential for ensuring an adequate oxygen supply.
## What’s next after installing a paddlewheel: regular DO monitoring
Maintaining DO in the pond is not enough by just installing a paddlewheel. Make sure to monitor DO concentration daily. Measurements can be performed every morning at 5:00-6:00 am and in the afternoon at 12:00-2:00 pm. This is because 5:00-6:00 am is the time when DO reaches its lowest point, and 12:00-2:00 pm is when DO reaches its highest point due to high photosynthesis activity from phytoplanktons.

The next question is, how do you regularly monitor DO in the pond? Try [Baruno](https://jala.tech/baruno), an accurate, fast, and precise solution for water quality measurement! Baruno allows you to measure DO as well as other water quality parameters simultaneously, such as temperature, pH, and salinity. Moreover, the data measured by Baruno is stored in the JALA cloud and can be accessed from the JALA App anytime and anywhere. Baruno is also protected by a waterproof, dustproof, and sandproof casing, making it suitable for use in pond environments.

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Oxygen is a fundamental requirement that should not be overlooked in shrimp farming. With sufficient DO, aquaculture can run sustainably and productively. Ensure you supply enough DO to the pond with paddlewheels and regularly monitor its concentration with Baruno!

The function of shrimp farm paddlewheels is to create water movement that generates strong water splashes and thus increase DO concentration.

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The Importance of Paddle Wheels in Shrimp Farms

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2022 and outlook conference for 2023.

Shrimp Outlook 2023

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2021 and outlook conference for 2022.

Shrimp Outlook 2022

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The increasing global population calls for the increased demand to meet protein needs. Protein is an important nutrient which supports child growth, speeds up the healing process, and many more functions.

Shrimp is one of the important and easily available protein sources. The demand for shrimp consumption increases annually. To meet this need, consumers need to be smart in choosing high quality shrimp which does not just help to meet protein requirements, but also obtain products with well-maintained nutritional value.

### Identifying high quality shrimp 
Both household and restaurant business consumers need to be aware of the signs of high quality shrimp, which are:
1. No foul or rotten smell which originates from rotting process due to improper storage
2. The shrimp shell or carapace is transparent and adheres strongly to the shrimp body or head. If required, consumers can directly examine the attachment of the shell
3. A firm texture, which indicates that the shrimp is still fresh and has not undergone rotting process
4. Healthy shrimp can also be identified through an intact and filled gut to avoid purchasing products that have been contaminated with diseases or harmful pathogens.

### The long and crucial process of maintaining shrimp quality from farm to fork
Shrimp is a perishable commodity, making the maintenance process from farm to fork highly crucial. This begins with shrimp cultivation to transport.

**1. During harvest**
To produce high quality shrimp, harvest should be done when the temperature is not too high and as quickly as possible. Ensure that the net is not too packed to prevent shrimp from getting pressed and injured. Immediately clean off the mud and other dirt that may remain on the shrimp from the farm.

**2. Post-harvest**
After cleaning, sortation, and weighing, the shrimp should be immediately kept at low temperature to slow down the spoilage process. Low temperatures inhibit the activity of decomposing bacteria. The recommended temperature is -4℃.

**3. Transportation from the farm to processing company**
The harvested shrimp is then transported from the farm to an aquaculture processing company or unit. Sometimes, they are directly transported to the market. When being transported, the shrimp should be stored in an ice-filled container at a ratio of 1:1 and stacked in layers.

**4. Processing**
The processing stage is commonly conducted in fish processing plants and involves several processes. It begins with the reception of raw materials, followed by inspection, weighing, and packing. During the raw material reception and inspection stage, various tests are usually conducted, such as antibiotic testing, microbiological testing, and testing for the presence of certain chemical substances.
Once the shrimp has passed the tests, it is then stored. The storage of shrimp is typically done in conditions with a temperature of ≤3℃. To maintain the quality of the shrimp, it is often packed in waterproof containers. Packing and storage should be done carefully to avoid any physical damage to the shrimp. The process, from inspection to packaging, should also be carried out as quickly as possible to prevent physical damage.

**5. Transport to consumers**
At the final stage, shrimp is transported to consumers by certain conditioning to maintain its quality. The distribution chain may be long enough, so proper storage handling must be prioritized, which involves storing in an ice box with a cooler or mixed with ice to preserve its freshness.

## Choosing high quality shrimp with guaranteed freshness 
One of JALA’s signature products is fresh shrimp in frozen condition. JALA has a network of shrimp farms and collaborates with processing companies to produce frozen shrimp through a short processing chain. Harvest-process-deliver.

![JALA Market 1 - en.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/JALA_Market_1_en_d9760d8c98.png)
Harvested shrimp is then processed in a HACCP grade A standardized and halal-certified company. During the distribution process, the shrimp is maintained in frozen condition, thereby maintaining its quality and freshness until it reaches the hands of consumers. Shrimp products are suitable for fulfilling the needs of hotels, restaurants, catering services, as well as households. The product variations include HOSO, PUD, dan PDTO.

![JALA Market 2 - en.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/JALA_Market_2_en_e4188a2574.png)
The demand for safe and traceable shrimp products 
In addition to the increasing demand, there is also a growing concern for food product safety. Consumers today not only choose based on the quality and cleanliness of the product but also seek environmentally-friendly options. Consumers are willing to pay more for products that are of high quality and guaranteed safety, especially in developed countries. Food authorities or importers in the destination countries for export consider products that have traceability value.

More than half of the shrimp products are currently sourced from aquaculture. Considering the excessive exploitation of natural habitats, shrimp aquaculture has become an important source for meeting global shrimp demand. Aquaculture is also one of the most efficient cultivation methods compared to other forms of farming. The aspects of product safety and traceability are important added values in shrimp aquaculture products.

As a result, the definition of quality products has expanded to include not only the physical aspects of the product but also the consideration of sustainability in its production. Producing high-quality and safe products is the responsibility of shrimp farmers, which can be achieved by implementing environmentally-friendly aquaculture management and ensuring traceability through proper recording of the cultivation process.

![JALA Market 3 - en.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/JALA_Market_3_en_96200678f0.png)
The network of shrimp farms which supply their shrimp to JALA Market have traceability as an added value for their shrimp. Fulfilling the need for high quality shrimp is our commitment, because we #DaretoGuaranteeFreshness. Learn more about [JALA Market](https://jala.tech/market)’s frozen shrimp products! For further inquiries and orders, please contact [0813-2551-4194](https://wa.me/+6281325514194).

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Maintaining Shrimp Quality From Farm to Fork

Every business longs to earn profit. The [shrimp cultivation business](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/why-is-shrimp-farming-considered-promising) offers significant profit, but at the same time, the operational costs and risks are also high.

Previously, you may have set expenses for primary, secondary, tertiary, and other cultivation needs. The budget should serve as your guide for the minimum amount of money you need to have in hand. Emergency funds and insurance should also be taken into consideration.

Aside from mastering [cultivation techniques](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/different-trends-in-shrimp-cultivation-methods) and having a supporting network with similar understanding, financial management is also an important aspect when operating a shrimp cultivation business. One of the ways to achieve this is through proper financial records.

Keeping financial records is an important routine for shrimp cultivation. Having clear records helps you in accounting, monitoring cash flow, evaluating cultivation cycles, and planning for the next ones.

## Reminder: Record any kind of transaction!
Every transaction, regardless of its type and amount, is important. Income and expenses in shrimp farms should be recorded as a part of business operations. No expense is too small.

## Your records are your control
Use your budget plan as an initial guide and control your expenses along the way to identify which ones are needs versus incidentals. Controls are also implemented by referring to the biggest expense and income, profit/loss conditions, and product categories with the highest cost. Compare it by monitoring recent balance, debts, and receivables to keep your farm finances healthy.

# Farm Financial Management in JALA App
Recording and monitoring [shrimp farm finances](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/download-your-farm-financial-report-and-more-explore-jala-app-s-finance-feature) has just got more convenient with JALA App’s Finance feature. Here are some reasons you should use this feature:
1. Financial accounts especially designed for the shrimp farm business
2. Record any type of transaction (income and expense) based on category
3. Classify expenses into 3 categories: operational (anything related to cultivation operation expenses), inventory (anything related to cultivation supplies such as feed stock, chemicals, probiotics, and many more), and fries (anything related to stock purchase)
4. Classify income into 3 categories: harvest, capital, and inventory sales
5. Control debts and receivables to ensure settlements are made on time
6. Make the wisest decision based on the budget plan

Records of financial transactions for farm needs are made with accounting standards.
![Records of financial transactions for farm needs are made with accounting standards](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Info_1_eng_80d377616c.png)

**Record any transaction, even for products not on the list!**
![Record any transaction](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Catat_apapun_eng_2848874291.png)
With JALA App, you can record expenses of any kind (operational, inventory, or stock). Don’t worry if the brand or product name is not listed on JALA, as you can still manually input it to keep your records as thorough as possible!

## Monitor through the summary and financial report menus
Monitor the latest conditions through your farm finances summary, including today’s balance, profit/loss condition, debt/receivable settlement date, and income/expense ratio.

![Monitor through the summary and financial report menus](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Pantau_ringkasan_keuangan_eng_451337748e.png)
You can also find more detail in the expense and income menu. When monitoring transactions, use the transaction filter, which is particularly useful if you have multiple ponds with different expenses. The filter can also be used to distinguish between the source of fund, be it cash, bank account, or giro.

![Laporan keuangan tambak udang](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Laporan_keuangan_511fd8df97.png)
Monitor and evaluate your cultivation finances regularly from financial reports that you can see during and after your cultivation cycle through the web or download it conveniently. Financial reports include balance, cash flow, and profit/loss reports. Select the month and year to filter finances based on specific time periods.

## JALA App Finance Feature: Your Shrimp Farm Business Assistant
As the main tool in recording your farm’s finances, all the data you record on JALA App is downloadable. You can download the transactions in excel format in case you need it for specific purposes.

If you ever lose your receipt or invoice photo or document, you can redownload the photo from JALA App.

**The importance of transparent financial management**
![The importance of transparent financial management](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Historypng_5e399d4019.png)
Every record in JALA App is transparent, allowing you, as a farm owner, to see any changes in financial data. Through the history feature, you can see who creates and changes each financial input and identify any discrepancies.

**Integrated data**
![Data integration.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Data_integration_bc66b0822d.png)
JALA App’s Finance Feature is integrated with the stock and cultivation records feature. When there is any new purchase record for cultivation needs, the stock will be updated. Similarly, whenever you record the use of cultivation needs such as feed, chemicals, or probiotics, its financial value will be calculated as well.

**Standardized for accounting**
To remind you, every record and report from JALA App is standardized for accounting purposes! Be sure to upgrade now to Pro Cycle to enjoy this feature! [Upgrade to Pro!](https://app.jala.tech/subscriptions?from=upgrade_side_bar)!


Avoid Financial Losses by Monitoring Your Farm Finances

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Avoid Financial Losses by Monitoring Your Farm Finances!

Managing cultivation finance is an important aspect that shrimp farmers must consider. Farmers must be able to manage not only during the cultivation process, but also the preparation stage and the transition between cultivation cycles.

Shrimp is still a [popular commodity](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/why-is-shrimp-farming-considered-promising) in the fishery sector. The global market for shrimp demands is expected to grow further. As a result, this fisheries-related business seems promising.

Although the benefits of shrimp farming appear to be promising, there are certain risks related to this industry. Those risks are disease, weather, and fluctuating [shrimp prices](https://jala.tech/en/blog/shrimp-industry/check-out-2022-shrimp-prices-and-off-takers-at-jala). These three factors contribute to the uncertainty of shrimp production and profits.

Farmers can be affected by this uncertainty. Their income is uncertain because it is dependent on the aforementioned factors. They must deal with this by carefully managing cultivating finances.

Managing cultivation finance is often underestimated and is not a priority for farmers. This practice appears to be simple as well. However, not all farmers are good at it. As a result, many farmers do not perceive a significant advantage once the cycle ends.

Farmers who do not properly manage cultivation finance are at risk of becoming trapped in the “dig a hole to fill in another hole” habit. That is, the profits are only utilized to pay off debts or loans used to manage the farm. Farmers will always feel lacking in finance.

If this is the case, how can farmers properly manage their cultivation finances? Here are some tips you can do during the preparation, cultivation, and cycle transition periods.

## Managing cultivation finance during the preparation stage

Before you begin cultivating, be sure that financial management is also a priority. A budget plan is one method for effectively managing agricultural finance at this point.

A budget plan will serve as a guide in cultivation because it contains cultivation targets and estimated expenses. You can use your prior cultivation experience or consult with professionals when creating the budget plan. Therefore, always record and evaluate all past cycle expenses. You can improve your budget plan based on the results of these evaluations.

A budget plan is a crucial component of cultivation financial management. It will provide you with:
- Specific cultivation target
- Estimation of cultivation costs in detail
- Cost guidance during cultivation process

Without a budget plan, cultivation expenses may skyrocket due to the lack of proper control.

## Managing cultivation finance while cultivation is running

Financial planning has been done and is now ready to be used as a guide. Farmers must remain careful, though, because unexpected expenses might occur at any time. Therefore, proper financial management must also be done when cultivating. The goal of this measure is to keep cultivation expenses under control.

One of many ways to do so is to check the RAB’s compliance with its realization on a regular basis. This does not have to be used on a daily basis. You can do this once or twice a week instead.

Controlling stock supply is another option. It is ideal to meet the cultivation needs within a specific time frame, such as every month. Start placing orders again a week or two before stock runs out. That way, the cashflow can be managed in stages, and there is no stock piling up in the warehouse.

Furthermore, avoid these acts:
- Using cultivation capital for personal purposes
- Not separating personal and cultivation accounts
- Not keeping financial records properly (recording expenses, debts, etc.)
- Saving too much and sacrifices the quality of goods

## Managing cultivation finance during cycle transitions

Following the completion of the cultivation cycle, some farmers choose to directly use the income from [harvest](https://www.jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/when-is-the-best-time-for-harvest). The income is commonly utilized to cover personal needs as well as the needs of the next cycle.

There are various aspects to consider before using the income from total harvest, including:
- Fund for the next cycle
- Further investment or pond maintenance
- Debts or loans owed during the cultivation cycle

Based on these considerations, self-awareness is required to control expenses before starting the next cycle. When you receive net harvest income, set aside part for an emergency fund in case of cultivation failure. You can save it in an account allocated particularly for cultivation needs. Then, prepare the budget plan for the next cultivation cycle.

If you wish to develop your pond, you should be aware that development funds are not cheap. Therefore, collect funds gradually. Do this once you’ve saved a portion of your income for an emergency fund.

Farmers who want to succeed must be able to manage cultivation finance well. The reason for this is that proper financial management will keep you from failing or losing.

You should also protect your cultivation process with insurance in addition to careful planning and effective financial management. Insurance will reduce the risk of crop failure or loss. An operational joint-program for shrimp farming that also provides insurance is now available, namely the JALA SmartFarm.

With JALA SmartFarm, you will receive comprehensive cultivation assistance. Planning, promising capital, insurance, professional pond management, and harvest assurances are all part of the assistance. Interested? For registration and additional information, kindly contact us at +62 813-2551-4194.