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One main factor in successful shrimp farming is proper water conditions. Stable [water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-management-for-vannamei-shrimp-farms) ensures optimal shrimp growth, reduces stress, and increases disease resistance.

However, have you ever encountered a situation where the pond water suddenly becomes excessively clear? At first look, it may appear to be good, but this could indicate a disruption in the pond environment. If not addressed, this condition can have a negative impact on shrimp growth and health.

Then, what are the factors behind this change and how should it be handled? Read further in the discussion below.

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## Why Does Pond Water Suddenly Become Clear?
Pond water that unexpectedly becomes clear can be caused by various factors, both externally and internally. These factors include:
### Heavy Rainfall
Heavy rainfall can have an impact on pond water quality. Rainwater has a low mineral content, therefore it can "dilute" pond water, reducing turbidity caused by plankton and organic particles.
### Low Plankton Levels
Phytoplankton and zooplankton contribute significantly to the [green or brownish color of pond water](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/how-to-make-pond-water-brownish-green). If their population declines drastically, pond water will appear clearer. This decline can be caused by a shortage of nutrients, extreme temperature changes in the water, or the usage of specific chemicals.
### pH Fluctuations
Extreme pH changes may disrupt the balance of the pond ecosystem. An excessively high or low pH can kill plankton and other aquatic organisms, clearing the water and making the ecosystem unstable.
### Organic Matter Decreases
As the organic matter level declines, the plankton population also declines, making the pond water appear clearer. Pond turbidity can be considered ideal if shrimp are still visible at a depth of 25–40 cm from the water surface. If water clarity drastically increases, it indicates that the organic matter concentration is low and the pond environment is becoming unbalanced.

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## How to Handle Pond Water that Suddenly Turns Clear
Although the causes are distinct, clear pond water can still be handled with several measures, such as

![Air Tambak Jernih](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_air_tambak_jernih_en_64c872d380.png)

### Adding Limestone
Limestone (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) can increase the alkalinity of pond water and help nitrification bacteria break down ammonia into nitrate, which is beneficial for plankton growth. The recommended dose is 10 ppm, apply in the morning for optimal results.
### Using Nitrification Bacteria
Nitrifying bacteria play a crucial function in [growing plankton](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/tips-on-growing-the-plankton-in-shrimp-farm), helping to restore the pond ecosystem. However, excessive usage of nitrification bacteria should be avoided because it might cause additional problems with water quality.
### Adding Fermentation Results
Fermentation of organic materials, such as rice bran or molasses, can raise nitrite levels in ponds while enriching the carbon (C) in the water. This treatment promotes the growth of plankton and other organisms.

## Conclusion
In shrimp farming, it is very possible for pond water to suddenly turn clear. The causes may vary, including heavy rainfall, low plankton populations, pH fluctuations, and decreased organic matter. 

Farmers can take a several measures to handle this issue, including
- Adding limestone
- Using nitrification bacteria
- Adding fermentation results

The implementation of these treatments should be recorded, allowing you to identify its effectiveness. Similarly, all aspects of your shrimp farming conditions should be recorded, including changes in water quality parameter values, feeding, disease, shrimp mortality, and many more.

[JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is here to accommodate recording, monitoring, and analysis of shrimp farming effectively. Go to [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech), download the mobile application from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818), and start farming better!

Pond water that unexpectedly turns clear can be caused by various factors, both internal and external. This condition can still be handled with the correct treatment.

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Unexpectedly Clear Pond Water: Its Causes and Solutions

Bioassay is a testing method conducted before shrimp fry stocking to identify the suitability of the pond water that has been prepared for the stocking process. This method is usually conducted three days before [shrimp fry stocking](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-things-to-consider-before-shrimp-fry-stocking), and the results can be a guide for farmers to create optimal conditions for shrimp growth. 

What are the benefits of bioassay and what are the steps of its implementation? Find the answers in the discussion below.

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## Benefits of Conducting the Bioassay Method
As a pre-stocking method, bioassay has various benefits for shrimp farming, including

### Identifying the Presence of Toxic Compounds in Water
Bioassay is implemented to assess [water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-management-for-vannamei-shrimp-farms), particularly the presence of toxic compounds, such as ammonia, nitrite, and heavy metals that may harm the shrimp fry. You can identify the tolerance of shrimp fry to certain parameters, including pH, salinity, or dissolved oxygen. 

### Evaluation of Shrimp Fry Resistance
Bioassay allows you to test shrimp fry’s adaptability and resistance to certain treatment and changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, salinity, or pH during the acclimatization process. 

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### Minimizing the Risk of Loss
Farmers who conduct the bioassay method can minimize the risk of losses caused by the use of improper materials or environmental conditions. In the long run, the potential of successful cultivation will increase. 

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## Steps of Conducting the Bioassay Method
After understanding the benefits of the bioassay method, you should also understand the steps of its implementation. Here’s an overview of the steps:
1. Take 1-2 liters of water from each cultivation pond plot using a bucket.
2. Add 25 shrimp fry samples per bucket. 
3. Leave the fry for 24 hours and observe their condition periodically. 
4. After 24 hours, calculate the fry’s [Survival Rate (SR)](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/survival-rate-cultivation-productivity) percentage. 

Bioassay is deemed successful and the pond water is ready to be stocked with shrimp fry if the fry’s SR is higher than 90%. If the SR is less than 90%, evaluate the water condition. You can also check the water’s chemical parameters in the laboratory to help analyze its condition. 

After getting the analysis, treat the cultivation water to re-do the bioassay method until the fry’s SR exceeds 90%. Once the SR is higher than 90%, you can start stocking the shrimp fry.

## Conclusion
Bioassay is an important method in the preparation phase of shrimp farming that helps to prevent problems with shrimp fry early on and ensures their survival. This method has three benefits, including
- Identifying the presence of toxic compounds in water
- Evaluation of shrimp fry resistance
- Minimizing the risk of loss

Once you have started a cultivation cycle, record and monitor your cultivation conditions regularly to ensure that the bioassay method conducted during the preparation period is not in vain. The good news is that you can record and monitor cultivation in [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), a shrimp farm management application from JALA. 

Let’s improve our cultivation with JALA App! Access JALA App at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) and download the mobile application from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818).

Bioassay is an important method in the preparation phase of shrimp farming that helps to prevent problems with shrimp fry early on and ensures their survival.

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Benefits of Conducting the Bioassay Method before Shrimp Fry Stocking

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidia that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis disease in shrimp. This disease was first found infecting tiger shrimp in Thailand in 2009, then spread to India, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

What are the symptoms and causes of EHP? What can be done if EHP has infected shrimp in the pond? Find the full explanation below.

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## EHP Symptoms
EHP is typically characterized by significantly varied and non-uniform shrimp sizes within the same pond. In some cases, shrimp infected with EHP developed white backs, similar to the symptoms of [white feces disease (WFD)](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/ways-to-overcome-vannamei-shrimp-disease-white-feces-disease-wfd).

Although the mortality rate of EHP is not as severe as other shrimp diseases such as AHPND or IMNV, farmers should not overlook this fungal pathogen disease. If left untreated, this disease can still cause death to shrimp.

## Causes of EHP Infection
EHP can spread in shrimp farms due to various causes:
- Contaminated water and sediment. If the pond water quality is poor, EHP spores can survive on the pond bottom for an extended period of time and spread by water circulation.
- Farm equipment that has not been cleaned before use. Unsterile tools can potentially transmit EHP spores across the pond.
- [Shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/shrimp-fry-is) that have already been contaminated with EHP. The transmission of EHP accelerates, either through feces or cannibalism.
- Leftover feed, feces, and organic sediment. All three have the potential to host EHP spores, raising the risk of infection.

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## Impacts of EHP
EHP infection in shrimp farming has several detrimental impacts, including
- Differences in shrimp growth rates.
- Slower shrimp growth.
- Shrimp cannot reach optimal size within the expected time frame.
- Shrimp infected with EHP are more susceptible to infection by other diseases.

## EHP Prevention
To prevent EHP from infecting shrimp, farmers can conduct several mitigations, including
### Choosing High Quality Shrimp Fry
Choose shrimp fry from reputable hatcheries that implement strict biosecurity protocols and possess Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) certifications. Shrimp fry with SPF specifications are guaranteed to be free of disease-causing viruses, while SPR specifications guarantee that shrimp fry are resistant or resilient to specific pathogens.
### Implementing Proper Water Quality Management
[Monitor water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-monitoring-and-how-to-read-its-results) on a regular basis, particularly pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity. Siphon the bottom of the pond on a regular basis to reduce spore accumulation.
### Implementing Strict Biosecurity Practices
Implement [biosecurity practices in shrimp farms](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-application-of-biosecurity-in-shrimp-farms-cleaning-and-sterilization) by limiting access to avoid contamination from external sources. Additionally, sterilize pond equipment, such as paddlewheels and nets, before use.

## EHP Treatment
There is currently no known cure for EHP. However, if shrimp in a pond have been infected with EHP, farmers can clean the spores in the pond.

Cleaning is conducted by applying 6 tons of lime (CaO) per hectare, plowing it into the soil up to 10-12 cm, adding water, and allowing it to soak in. Leave it for a week, and the soil pH will rise to 12 for a couple of days. After that, pH will return to normal as it absorbs carbon dioxide to form CaCO3.

## Strategies for Maintaining Profit Despite EHP
If EHP has spread in the pond, farmers can take the following steps to maintain profits:
- Harvest some of the remaining marketable shrimp to reduce pond density and shrimp stress levels.
- Reduce previous excessive feeding to reduce organic waste, which can worsen pond conditions.
- Add extra supplements such as [probiotics](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/get-to-know-probiotics-in-shrimp-farming) and immunostimulants to boost shrimp infection resistance.
- If the shrimp do not meet factory standards, consider selling them in the local market or processing them into value-added products such as processed shrimp. 
- If the infection has spread widely, consider ending the cycle early, cleaning the pond, and preparing a new cycle with stricter biosecurity.

## Conclusion
EHP is a microsporidia that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in shrimp. The symptoms are identified by differences in shrimp size within the same pond. The causes range from contaminated water and sediment to accumulated leftover feed, feces, and organic sediment. Meanwhile, the impact of EHP is seen in the growth rate of shrimp, and shrimp infected with EHP are more susceptible to other diseases.

To prevent EHP, farmers can take several mitigation measures, including choosing high-quality shrimp fry, properly managing water quality, and implementing strict biosecurity practices. If the shrimp have been infected with EHP, you can clean the spores in the pond. Furthermore, you can still maintain profit by taking various measures, from partial harvesting to ending the cycle early if the EHP infection has spread widely.

To make the best decisions for your farm, make sure to record every progress and farming parameters. You can record it in JALA’s shrimp farm management application: [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). 

In addition to recording, JALA App also helps you to estimate several key parameters of shrimp farming, calculate performance, daily feed, product dosage, and so on, monitor shrimp price trends, and many more. 

What are you waiting for? Register today at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) and download JALA App mobile from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818). 

**References**

[Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) Disease Guide | The Fish Site](https://thefishsite.com/disease-guide/enterocytozoon-hepatopenaei-ehp)
[Mikrosporidiosis Hepatopankreas/Enterocytozon hepatopenaei (EHP) | JALA](https://jala.tech/id/diseases/ehp)

EHP is a microsporidia that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in shrimp. Learn the symptoms, causes, and how to treat it in this article. 

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EHP in Shrimp: Its Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Shrimp farming involves water treatment, thereby it is inevitable that measuring and monitoring [water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-management-for-vannamei-shrimp-farms) are essential. Water quality measurement generates a set of informative data for farmers, leading them to make informed decisions.

Given the importance of water quality measurement, farmers require a reliable tool that allows them to conduct daily measurement and monitoring. Therefore, JALA has introduced the most recent solution in the form of a more robust, accurate, and handy water quality measurement device. See the details below.

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## Baruni, the Water Quality Measurement Device
There are many different water quality measurement devices available today for pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature with varying prices and its own set of benefits. Likewise, JALA has been developing water quality measurement devices since 2017. Previously, JALA’s water quality measurement device was known as Baruno, which was inspired by Varuna, the god of oceans and waters. 

This 2025, JALA upgraded the water quality measurement device and named it Baruni. Baruni is a smart water quality device that connects to the internet and has a more ergonomic design. It can measure five parameters at once: pH, temperature, salinity, DO, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The measurement results will be uploaded directly to JALA’s online storage and accessible through JALA’s shrimp farm management application, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). 

The name Baruni is inspired from Varuni, the goddess of the sea in Hindu mythology and wife of Varuna, who inspired the name Baruno, which served as the predecessor of JALA’s water quality device. In addition to representing a protected aquatic environment, Baruni also reflects compassion and balance, as Varuni complements Varuna.

![baruno-alat-kualitas-air-pintar-handal-dan-praktis.jpg](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/baruno_alat_kualitas_air_pintar_handal_dan_praktis_d71386f860.jpg)

The name we chose reflects our commitment to supporting shrimp farming practitioners, maintaining ideal [water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-importance-of-water-quality-monitoring-and-how-to-read-its-results), and preserving ecosystem balance. Baruni serves as a solution that promotes successful aquaculture through improved water management.

## More Robust, Accurate, and Handy
Baruni is more reliable than other water quality measurement devices because it comes in a single measurement package, not just one but five parameters at once. The device’s compact, portable, and ergonomic dimensions make it ideal for use in farm environments. In addition, Baruni can save water quality data for up to 100 ponds.

Several water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, and DO, are quite complex to measure since they are all correlated and influence one another. Baruni has calculated it by automatically compensating the values for more accurate readings.

![article-baruni-app-integration.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_baruni_app_integration_bd843e3bdb.png)

Farm technicians do not need to manually record measurement results because the data are kept in the device and integrated with JALA App. Technicians can assess them through their smartphone or laptop anytime and anywhere.

## Get Baruni and Measure Water Quality with Ease!
Baruni is now here and ready to help you monitor the water quality of your shrimp pond beginning in April 2025. If you need additional information or want to place an order, please contact JALA’s Customer Service at [+62 813-2551-4194](https://wa.me/+6281325514194).

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It’s time to farm with confidence with Baruni!

Baruni is a smart water quality measurement device that can simultaneously measure five key parameters in shrimp ponds. Check out its benefits here. 

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Baruni: A More Robust, Accurate, and Handy Water Quality Measurement Device

On April 2, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced the amount of reciprocal tariffs for imported goods from 185 countries, including Indonesia. When it was first announced, Trump placed a 32% reciprocal duty on Indonesia. This tariff rate was applied because the US claimed that those 185 countries placed disproportionate import tariffs on US goods.

Trump's new tariffs may disrupt the global economy and developing countries that rely on exports. It is also projected to increase the cost of basic necessities in the US, raising worry about the risk of a global recession.

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## The Definition of Tariff in the Context of Global Trade
**Tariffs are taxes imposed by governments on goods and services imported from other countries**.  When a product crosses a country's border, importers pay these taxes to the home country's government (import duties), which are usually calculated as a percentage of the goods' value.

Meanwhile, **reciprocal tariffs refer to a country's provision to equal the import tax (tariff) charged by another country on its products**. Simply put, if Country A sets a 10% tariff on imports from Country B, Country B will respond by setting a similar 10% tariff on goods from Country A.

The objective of a country imposing reciprocal tariffs is typically to ensure fair trade between countries. It is also the primary reason for Trump to set new tariffs, aside from the fact that the US trade balance with its partner countries is in deficit.

## US Tariffs and Its Projected Impact on Indonesian Shrimp Industry
Trump's reciprocal tariff policy has a direct impact on the competitiveness of numerous Indonesian export products in the US market. This impact will be felt in sectors that rely heavily on US exports, such as garments and textiles, shoes, rubber, furniture, palm oil, and fisheries and seafood commodities. The shrimp industry must be watchful because shrimp is one of the commodities with a large percentage of exports to the US, reaching 70%.

**Trump’s tariffs further weaken Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global shrimp market**. This is because Indonesia’s shrimp producing competitors, Ecuador and India, face lower tariffs than Indonesia. Ecuador is subject to a tariff of 10%, while India is subject to 26%.

The tariffs also raised uncertainty in the shrimp industry and lowered market confidence. According to the JALA App Shrimp Price page, shrimp prices fell during the second week of April 2025. The following week, shrimp prices surged again when Trump decided to postpone the tariffs for 90 days.

The uncertainty caused by Trump's tariffs additionally prompted industry players to hold back or even reduce spending. On a large scale, the dynamics of the shrimp sector have slowed. If this trend continues in the long run, the economy will begin to decline and potentially lead to recession.

Currently, the enactment of Trump's tariffs on Indonesia has been postponed for 90 days, with the tariff returning to 10%. However, stakeholders and shrimp industry players still need to respond to it strategically rather than reactively.

## What Can Farmers Do?
In the face of the impact of US tariffs and the uncertainty that arises, shrimp farmers are encouraged to remain calm, not panic, and take calculated measures to address the current situation.  Here are a few things that can be done at the farmer level:
- **Conducting shrimp production efficiency**. This is the most realistic step. If the economy suffers from recession, shrimp farms can still be operated at low production costs. Therefore, it is crucial for farmers to find a way to conduct efficiency.
- **Support the campaign to consume locally sourced shrimp**. Indonesia’s domestic market actually has a relatively high potential, with a per capita seafood consumption of 41.25 kg in 2022 (Source: Statistics Indonesia). Therefore, the domestic market could be the closest solution for absorbing Indonesia’s shrimp production.
- **Remain careful in taking actions**. The current tariff issue is far more complex that it appears and involves multiple stakeholders. As a farmer, it is better to equip oneself with the latest information and manage finances as efficiently as possible to make the right decisions.

## Tips for Managing Finances in the Midst of Recession Projections
Regarding [financial management](https://jala.tech/blog/undefined/avoid-financial-losses-by-monitoring-your-farm-finances), the following are some tips that can be implemented by farmers, particularly to face recession projections. The tips include:
- Always set a well-planned budget before every cultivation cycle.
- Follow strict SOP when cultivating and keep thorough financial records as supporting documents when proposing collaborations or aids from organizations.
- Compare the cost of each cycle and identify expenses that can be minimized.
- If possible, find alternatives to overpriced materials or equipment.
- Don’t spend all your harvest profits during uncertainties, keep savings for emergency funds and capital for the next cycle.
- Start investing no matter how small, especially in stable investments such as mutual funds obligations.

## Conclusion
In the midst of recession projections which may worry many farmers, JALA aims to be a trusted partner for anyone involved in the [Indonesian shrimp industry](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/highlighting-shrimp-farming-condition-in-indonesia-jala-successfully-held-shrimp-outlook-2023). Farmers are encouraged to support their cultivation with data to strengthen the shrimp industry.

By keeping cultivation and financial data on [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), farmers can make the best decisions based on actual conditions. Farmers are also encouraged to keep supporting one another and stay optimistic to get through these challenges.

**References**

[Indonesia Kena Tarif Impor 32 Persen, Berikut Rincian Tarif Trump Terhadap 15 Negara Asia | Tempo](https://www.tempo.co/internasional/indonesia-kena-tarif-impor-32-persen-berikut-rincian-tarif-trump-terhadap-15-negara-asia-1227364)
[Ini Dampak Negatif Kebijakan Tarif Trump terhadap Ekonomi Domestik dan Global | Hukum Online](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ini-dampak-negatif-kebijakan-tarif-trump-terhadap-ekonomi-domestik-dan-global-lt67ff35ea6fe7c/)
[Tarif Trump yang Mengguncang Ekonomi Global | Kompas.id](https://www.kompas.id/artikel/tarif-trump-yang-mengguncang-ekonomi-global)

The shrimp industry must be watchful of the tariff because shrimp is one of the commodities with a large percentage of exports to the US, reaching 70%.

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Maintaining Shrimp Farming in the Midst of Trump Tariff News

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2024 and outlook conference for 2025.

Shrimp Outlook Report 2025 | Jala

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Shrimp Outlook 2025

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2023 and outlook conference for 2024.

Shrimp Outlook 2024

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2022 and outlook conference for 2023.

Shrimp Outlook 2023

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2021 and outlook conference for 2022.

Shrimp Outlook 2022

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One of JALA’s efforts to be #HeretoHelp farmers along their cultivation journey is through the shrimp farm management application [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). To help farmers record and monitor cultivation conditions more quickly and efficiently, we have released the newest version of JALA App mobile with various performance improvements. 

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### Introducing the latest version of JALA App mobile 
The newest version of JALA App mobile is now available to download and use for a smoother, easier, and more efficient farm management. What are the updates that users can enjoy?

## 1. 4x faster loading time, no more long waits!
The newest version of JALA App mobile has been upgraded with a loading time that is 4 times faster, and users no longer have to wait too long to open and load the app.

## 2. Renewed ‘Monitoring’ feature display: easier pond comparisons
Users can now compare cultivation conditions between ponds in a more comprehensive display for easier decision making in the farm. This can be done through the ‘Monitoring’ feature, accessible from the Homepage. 

## 3. More comprehensive feed data record with feed product input
JALA App basic users can input data for ‘Feed Product’, recording the band and type of feed product they use throughout cultivation. Inputting feed data can be done under the ‘Pond’ menu on the Homepage.

## 4. Check complete laboratory data with the ‘See All’ feature
After inputting data under Chemical, Plankton, and Microbiology in the ‘Pond’ menu, users can now check the complete data more easily with the newly added ‘See All’ function. 

## 5. Simpler and more efficient display for cultivation data input form
Do you often use JALA App mobile when recording data directly in the farm? Now, you can enjoy a more concise display for cultivation data input form, allowing you to record data more easily. Simply click the “+” or Input menu on the Homepage and you will be redirected to Quick Input, allowing you to choose the parameter you want to record.

## 6. Updated Shrimp Disease portal with renewed information
Aside from recording cultivation data and monitoring their farm, users can also use JALA App as their credible source of aquaculture information, such as through the Disease feature on the Homepage. Farmers can now learn an updated and enhanced shrimp disease resource bank to never miss out on the latest insights.

#### Watch the full update via the following video: [JALA App Mobile Comes with 4x Faster Loading Time 🚀](https://youtu.be/k8nHicLlhZ4)


### Update your JALA App mobile to the newest version!
Those are the updates that you can enjoy on the newest version of JALA App mobile. Overall, JALA App now has a more user-friendly interface and comprehensive information display. With these improvements, we hope users can use JALA App mobile more comfortably as their daily farm management application.

Before updating to the newest version of JALA App mobile, make sure that your data has been synchronized. If you are a PRO Cycle user, you can also enjoy more exclusive features such as the [Chemical Prediction](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/jala-app-chemical-prediction-feature), [Scan Document](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/record-cultivation-data-effortlessly-by-capturing-photos-of-your-manual-notes), and [Sampling Photo](https://youtu.be/w-LQs0Fv7Jk) feature for more optimal cultivation management. 

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What are you waiting for? Update your JALA App from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=id) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818), and register yourself at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) if you haven’t joined JALA App!

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Manage Your Farm More Efficiently: Enjoy the New JALA App Mobile, Now 4x Faster!

Shrimp size is an important parameter in cultivation and [harvest](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-are-6-important-steps-of-shrimp-harvesting-process). Within one cycle, farmers usually aim for a specific size of shrimp, hence it is essential for you to know how to calculate shrimp size.

By understanding how to calculate shrimp size and knowing the exact numbers, you will be able to plan feed management better and determine the optimal price at harvest. You can save money on feed and sell your shrimp at best prices.

However, before figuring out how to calculate shrimp size, you have to understand what shrimp size is. Check out the discussion below.

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## What is Shrimp Size?
Shrimp size is closely related to the amount of shrimp and becomes a benchmark for profits in one cycle. Here’s the short explanation:

### An indicator of the amount of shrimp in 1 kilogram
A shrimp's size is determined by counting how many shrimp there are in every one kilogram. For instance, if you find a size 50 shrimp, it means there are 50 shrimp per one kilogram. The smaller the shrimp size number, the heavier and bigger the shrimp.

### Benchmark for selling prices
Shrimp size becomes a benchmark for selling prices to suppliers and an estimate of the future profits. Therefore, the smaller the shrimp size number, the higher the selling price and vice versa. For example, size 50 shrimp has a higher price than size 100 shrimp.

## The minimal size target of vannamei shrimp
Farmers usually aim for a minimum size of 100 during the first partial harvest. Size 100 shrimp already has a solid economic value and the demand for it is quite high. In addition to size 100, the demand for size 90 to size 50 shrimp on both domestic and export markets is high as well.

## How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size?
Once you understand what shrimp size is, you also need to understand how to calculate vannamei shrimp size. Apart from being calculated at harvest, vannamei shrimp size can also be calculated on a certain Day of Culture (DoC) through [sampling](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/does-weekly-sampling-really-cause-losses-in-shrimp-farms).

Sampling is the activity of monitoring shrimp condition through multiple samples in feeding trays or nets. This activity is conducted periodically to determine the size, growth rate, Average Body Weight (ABW), and [Average Daily Gain (ADG)](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-is-adg) of the shrimp from time to time. From the sampling results, farmers can also identify potential disease symptoms.

During sampling, you can use the following formula for calculating shrimp size:
![How to Calculate Shrimp Size.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/How_to_Calculate_Shrimp_Size_014209b2b0.png)

For example, a farmer conducted sampling on DoC of 56 days and found that the ABW of his shrimp sample was 10.47 grams. The farmer wanted to know the shrimp size, hence he did the following calculations:

Size = 1,000 grams / 10.47 grams = 95,5

From the calculation above, the shrimp size obtained is 95.5 shrimp/kg.

## Conclusion
In vannamei shrimp farming, size is 
- A measurement based on the amount of shrimp in every one kilogram
- One of the benchmarks for selling prices

Vannamei shrimp size calculation is done by dividing 1,000 grams by ABW. This calculation can be conducted both at harvest and at periodical sampling.

To assist you in monitoring the sampling results, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp with the recording and analysis features of 40+ cultivation parameters. In addition to record sampling results, you can also record [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/four-important-physical-parameters-of-water-quality-in-shrimp-farms), feed, disease, shrimp mortality, harvest, and many more.

Let’s cultivate productively and efficiently with JALA App! Download the app on Google Play Store or App Store.

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How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size: Here's the Complete Explanation!

The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of several stages, starting from eggs to finally becoming adult shrimp. Every developmental stage has different characteristics.

It is important to understand the life cycle of vannamei shrimp larvae to provide them with appropriate treatment. By understanding the life cycle of vannamei shrimp, you can identify their needs and adjust their surroundings.

What are the stages of vannamei shrimp life cycle and how should the larvae be treated? Read more in this article.

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## What is the Life Cycle of Vannamei Shrimp?
The life cycle of vannamei shrimp begins with spawning between male and female shrimp. Female shrimp that have reached maturity or have reached 7-8 months and have an orange color on their backs can become broodstock. 

The female shrimp will release pheromones that stimulate male shrimp. After that, the mating process occurs. Later, the mating process between the male and female shrimp produces eggs which will be laid by the female shrimp.

About 4-5 hours later, female shrimp or now broodstock lay eggs. These eggs are pre-larvae which will later develop into cultivated vannamei shrimp.

Furthermore, read the following explanation about stages of shrimp life cycle:

### 1. Eggs
A broodstock is usually capable of delivering 500,000-1,000,000 eggs each time it lays eggs. These eggs are kept apart from their broodstock in a different pond.

It takes 12-16 hours for the eggs to eventually hatch into microscopic larvae (naupli).

### 2. Naupli
Naupli or nauplius is the initial stage of development of vannamei shrimp larvae. At this stage, shrimp larvae at this stage have food reserves such as egg yolk stored in their bodies, hence they do not need artificial feed intake yet.

Throughout the naupli stage, the larvae undergoes six changes of form, namely Nauplius I, Nauplius II, Nauplius III, Nauplius IV, Nauplius V, and Nauplius VI.

![Naupli Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Naupli_Udang_Vaname_2168b28ce1.png)
Naupli (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 3. Zoea
Naupli will grow into zoea or 1.05–3.30 mm shrimp larvae. At this stage, zoea undergo three changes of form, namely Zoea I, Zoea II, and Zoea III, and can be fed natural feed. This stage lasts for 3-4 days.

![Zoea Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Zoea_Udang_Vaname_20ccc25218.png)
Zoea (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 4. Mysis
At the mysis stage, the larvae start to resemble shrimp because they have a fan-shaped tail. These larvae have the characteristic of moving backwards and bending their bodies (Azizah, 2018). 

Similar to zoea, mysis will undergo three changes in form, namely Mysis I, Mysis II, and Mysis III.

![Mysis Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Mysis_Udang_Vaname_fc974ca77e.png)
Mysis (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 5. Post Larvae
The count used at this stage uses days, for example if the post larvae are 1 day old, they are PL1. Apart from that, shrimp in the post-larvae stage have started to actively move around.

Post larvae are usually raised until PL11-PL12. At this stage, the post-larvae is known as [shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-strategy-to-choose-the-right-shrimp-fry) which are resistant to rearing conditions and are ready to be stocked in ponds.

![Post Larva Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Post_Larva_Udang_Vaname_70ad575395.png)
Post Larvae (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 6. Juvenile
Juvenile is the next stage of the shrimp life cycle following post larvae. At this stage, the shape of the shrimp already resembles adult shrimp. 

However, this stage is considered a vulnerable period in the shrimp life cycle because shrimp require a habitat with the right amount of feed and environmental conditions (Putri, Nitisupardjo, & Hendrarto, 2014). At this stage, the shrimp are transported from the hatchery to the farm for cultivation.

### 7. Young Shrimp
After 80-90 days from the juvenile stage, the shrimp will grow to be young shrimp. Its weight depends on the [cultivation system in the farm](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/shrimp-farm-type), ranging from extensive to supra-intensive.

### 8. Adult Shrimp
About 25-30 days later, the young shrimp grow to be adult shrimp, and this is the final stage of the shrimp life cycle. 

Shrimp can be said to be adult starting 4 months after the juvenile phase. In this stage, the shrimp are ready to be harvested because they already reach enough economic value.

## Tips for Rearing Shrimp Larvae
Vannamei shrimp larvae require the proper treatment during their life cycle to ensure the best potential growth into shrimp. Here are some measures that need to be taken to rear vannamei shrimp larvae:

### 1. Maintain Water Quality

Water is a crucial factor since it is the habitat where shrimp larvae grow. Therefore, make sure that the water quality parameters in the rearing pond, such as pH, temperature, [salinity](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/change-of-salinity-level-shrimp-ponds), and dissolved oxygen are in ideal conditions.

It is best to measure [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/baruno) every day and record developments over time. These records can provide insights to help you take action in cultivation.

### 2. Manage Feed Properly
During the rearing period, shrimp larvae consume natural feed such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, especially since the zoea stage. However, if necessary, the hatchery will also provide artificial feed based on the nutritional needs of each larvae stage.

Shrimp larvae are fed 4-6 times a day in the [hatchery](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery). As the age of the shrimp larvae adds, the size of the feed and the dose given will increase. This is because the nutritional needs of shrimp larvae are increasing.

### 3. Prevent Diseases
[Shrimp disease](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/5-effective-ways-to-prevent-vannamei-shrimp-diseases) must also be paid attention to during the rearing period. Zoea Syndrome is one disease that often attacks shrimp larvae and is characterized by the larvae's unwillingness to eat since the Zoea I stage.

To prevent the spread of disease, it is best to separate the spawning tanks from the larvae rearing tanks. Additionally, maintain the sterility of the rearing area by, for example, making sure the person that helps with spawning them has received disinfection.

## Conclusion
The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of 8 stages, namely
1. Eggs
2. Naupli
3. Zoea
4. Mysis
5. Post Larvae
6. Juvenile
7. Young Shrimp
8. Adult Shrimp

Once you understand the life cycle, make sure the hatchery where you get your shrimp fry implements the proper measures for rearing vannamei shrimp larvae. An SPF or SPR certificate is also required to minimize the risk of disease attacks and improve [the quality of the shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/successful-tips-in-maintaining-shrimp-quality) itself at harvest.

The next important thing is recording the daily conditions of cultivation. In addition to the development of the shrimp fry, other variables such as feed, disease, and water quality measures should also be recorded.

The good news is, JALA is #HeretoHelp through [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). With JALA App, you can record and monitor the condition of your shrimp farming at any time and from anywhere right at your fingertips regularly. Let's cultivate more productively and efficiently with JALA App!

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**References**

[4 Pilihan Pakan untuk Benur Udang Vaname Tumbuh Optimal | Minapoli ](https://www.minapoli.com/info/4-pilihan-pakan-untuk-benur-udang-vaname-tumbuh-optimal)

Azizah, N. (2018). _Teknik Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _di PT. Central Pertiwi Bahari Takalar Sulawesi Selatan_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/dokumen_isi/Monograf/TUGAS%20AKHIR%20LENGKAP%20ACC-dikompresi_003.pdf)

Haliman, R. W., dkk. (2005). Zoea Syndrome (ZS) pada Larva Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). _Biosfera_, 22(1), 6–11. [https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id](https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/77) 

Malik, A. (2018). _Teknik Pemijahan dan Pengelolaan Telur Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus Vannamei) _di PT. Suri Tani Pemuka (Japfa) Unit Hatchery Makassar Kabupaten Barru_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/MGFjOTQ5ZTI5NmMxZjczNGE1YTQyMTZlNzFkYzZmYzVhMmQ4OGM2Nw==.pdf)

Putri, N. F., Nitisupadjo, M., Hendrarto, B. (2014). Analisis Kelimpahan Juvenil Udang dengan Menggunakan Metode Perangkap Agar-agar dan Pemberian Pakan Udang di Perairan Morosari, Demak. _Diponegoro Journal of Maquares_, 3(3), 1-9. [https://www.neliti.com](https://www.neliti.com/publications/191676/analisis-kelimpahan-juvenil-udang-dengan-menggunakan-metode-perangkap-agar-agar#id-section-content) 

[Siklus Hidup Udang Vaname | Agrikan](https://agrikan.id/siklus-hidup-udang-vaname/)

Wyban, J., & Sweeney, J. N. (1991)._ Intensive shrimp production technology: The Oceanic Institute Shrimp Manual_. The Institute. dalam Nuraini, A. N. (2021). _Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _dengan Penambahan Probiotik Monodon Plus pada Media Pemeliharaan_ (diploma thesis). Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung. Retrieved in 2024, from [http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/](http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/) 

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Vannamei Shrimp Life Cycle: From Eggs to Adult Shrimp

Shrimp cultivation is often considered [a promising business](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/4-reasons-why-shrimp-farming-is-considered-promising), especially in Indonesia, a country with significant potential for cultivation due to its geographical location and climate. Among various types of shrimp, the ones commonly cultivated are freshwater shrimp.

Before starting a [shrimp farming business](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-things-to-consider-before-starting-a-shrimp-farming-business), prospective farmers interested in exploring the shrimp cultivation industry need to get familiar with the various types of freshwater shrimp that are often cultivated in ponds in order to decide which type of shrimp to cultivate based on their characteristics.

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## Various Types of Freshwater Shrimp
There are several types of freshwater shrimp that are popularly cultivated in Indonesia, such as the giant freshwater prawn, monkey river prawn, and the red nose shrimp. Let's explore the characteristics of each shrimp type!

### 1. Giant Freshwater Prawn
Next is the giant freshwater prawn (_Macrobrachium rosenbergii_), which is commonly found in rivers and coastal estuaries in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and China. With a large body size, reaching up to 30 cm, and sweet, juicy flesh, giant freshwater prawns have a slow growth rate, taking about 180 days to reach a high economic value.

![udang galah](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_galah_4d67f2736d.png)

Giant freshwater prawns come in various colors such as green, blue, brown, and yellow, with a curved long rostrum and longer claws compared to their legs.

### 2. Monkey River Prawn
The monkey river prawn (_Macrobrachium lar_) is commonly found in the West Indo-Pacific region. This type of shrimp thrives in both saltwater and freshwater habitats. Still, it is one of the most common types of freshwater shrimp cultivated in farms, where cultivation approximately takes 110 days.

![udang lar](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_lar_748af1cb3b.jpeg)

Monkey river prawns have a considerably large body, with lengths reaching up to 18 cm. They can withstand high salinity in water, and exhibit good resistance to diseases, contributing to high productivity.

### 3. Red Nose Shrimp
Another type of cultivated shrimp with high economic value is the red nose shrimp (_Caridina gracilirostris_). They can be found in various regions such as Japan, Fiji, Indonesia, and Madagascar, particularly in rivers and estuaries. 

![udang beras](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_beras_1b3c12cfd4.jpeg)

These yellow-orange, slightly transparent shrimp are not only sold as food but also popular as aquarium decorations due to their attractive red rostrum. They also consume algae, which makes them beneficial for aquarium owners.

### 4. Freshwater Crayfish
Freshwater crayfish (_Astacoidea_) is another type of freshwater shrimp commonly cultivated in farms. This type of shrimp lives in swamps, lakes, and rivers of various continents. Due to its low stress level and disease susceptibility, as well as the ability to grow quickly, this type of freshwater shrimp can be cultivated easily in soil-based ponds. 

![lobster air tawar (sumber: pak tani digital)](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/lobster_air_tawar_26d04e85d6.jpeg)

Several kinds of popular freshwater crayfish for cultivation include the red claw crayfish, red swamp crayfish, which is smaller in size, and the common yabby, known for its high tolerance towards extreme weather conditions including drought.

### 5. Roshna Prawn
The final type of shrimp on the list is the roshna prawn (_Palaemon styliferus_). This type of shrimp is also commonly found in Indo-Pacific regions including Iraq, Bangladesh, and Hong Kong. These freshwater shrimp grow well in tropical areas.

Roshna prawns are pale yellow and slightly transparent with a cone-shaped head are popularly processed as ebi with a high market price which makes it attractive for farmers.

## Conclusion
Various types of freshwater shrimp that are popular for cultivation include:
- Giant freshwater prawn
- Monkey river prawn
- Red nose shrimp
- Slipper lobster
- Roshna prawn

Before starting cultivation, make sure to understand the characteristics of each shrimp type to choose the most suitable one for your business goals. Additionally, provide appropriate [treatment](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/7-effective-treatments-in-shrimp-cultivation-management) in your farm according to the type of shrimp, ensuring that they grow well and can be sold at a profitable price. 

To ensure the success of your cultivation, JALA is #HeretoHelp you with [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), an application to record and monitor cultivation conditions regularly and conveniently. Register on JALA App through app.jala.tech or download the mobile version from Google Play Store or App Store to start your cultivation journey today!

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5 Popular Types of Freshwater Shrimp that are Often Cultivated in Farms

<h2>Regencies where shrimp is the main commodity</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp is one of the most in-demand fisheries commodities. According to data from the <a href="https://www.kkp.go.id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries</a>,&nbsp; shrimp is the largest export commodity in Indonesia compared to other fishery commodities. In 2020, its export volume reached 239.28 million kgs, with a value of US$ 2.04 billion.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The rising demand for shrimp has prompted the growth of shrimp farming in numerous regions in Indonesia. As a result, the shrimp farming industry in Indonesia continues to expand. Over a ten-year period (2009-2019), the annual growth rate of vannamei <a href="https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/key-to-successful-cultivation-sustainable-shrimp-production" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">shrimp production</a> in Indonesia reached 2.4 percent.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp farming business in Indonesia is spread in coastal areas. Some of them are:</p>
<h3>South Lampung, Lampung</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Vannamei shrimp is one of the leading commodities in South Lampung. Despite being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry is gradually getting back on its feet&nbsp; This is shown by the rising market price of vannamei shrimp. Furthermore, the shrimp industry in South Lampung is being supported by the development of pilot ponds in an endeavor to restore the glory of the shrimp commodity in Lampung.</p>
<h3>Cirebon, West Java</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Rebon shrimp is a popular commodity in Cirebon. However, in addition to rebon shrimp, people in Cirebon are also interested in vannamei shrimp farming because the risk of failure is lower. Cirebon's extensive water area helps to support vannamei shrimp farming.</p>
<h3>Situbondo, East Java</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The majority of shrimp ponds in Situbondo Regency use an intensive cultivation system where the density of stock is high. This is one of the reasons behind the regency's high productivity per area of shrimp ponds. In terms of quality, shrimp cultivated in Situbondo are also relatively better because the sea water on the area's coast is calmer and less polluted by industrial pollutants.</p>
<h3>Jembrana, Bali</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In contrast to the majority of Bali's other districts which prioritize tourism, Jembrana Regency prioritizes the fishery sector, particularly shrimp farming. Almost all of the farmers in the district cultivate in traditional or <a href="https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/extensive-pond-can-also-be-productive" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">extensive ponds</a>. Nonetheless, the shrimp industry actors and the local government continue working to boost its production.</p>
<h3>Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Aside from tourism, the fisheries sector, particularly shrimp farming, is significant to Lombok Island. Farmers in Lombok can produce more than 200 tons of Vannamei shrimp in a single harvest cycle. Shrimp farming on this island is primarily focused on meeting the country's need for shrimp.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp farming in Indonesia's shrimp production areas should be maximized. Its productivity will undoubtedly increase if it runs optimally. To that aim, the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has implemented a number of strategies to boost shrimp farming productivity in Indonesia. Two of these are projects for integrated shrimp farming and pond revitalization.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition, <a href="https://app.jala.tech/register" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">digital technology</a> for shrimp farming must be implemented. Farmers will be more supported in running cultivation through the use of digital technology, and cultivation production is expected to increase. If these measures are effective, the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries'&nbsp;production target of 2 million tons by 2024 is not impossible to achieve.</p>