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**Shrimp farmers should understand how to overcome floating vannamei shrimp in ponds. Shrimp that rise to the surface or float in the pond might indicate a problem. This can be solved by applying dolomite, changing the water, ensuring that the paddle wheel is working, improving feed management, and reducing stocking density.**

Vannamei shrimp that float in the pond surface are feared to have an impact on the [survival rate](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/survival-rate-cultivation-productivity) (SR) since their behavior may indicate a disease. Before understanding how to overcome floating vannamei shrimp, it is important for you to understand the causes of the problem. Read further in the discussion below.

<ToC />

## Causes of Floating Shrimp
Basically, shrimp will react to uncomfortable pond conditions, and one of the signs is floating on the surface. If identified, this is related to water quality. In addition, shrimp’s poor health may also be one of the factors.
### The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are too low
The majority of floating shrimp cases are caused by low dissolved oxygen levels. Low dissolved oxygen can be caused by various factors, including
- Heavy rain that causes temperature fluctuations
- High phytoplankton density, causing the DO levels to be low, specifically in the evening
- High organic waste levels
- Inactive or broken paddle wheels, causing dissolved oxygen to decrease drastically
- Phytoplankton density is too low or even suffer mass mortality, resulting in inadequate oxygen production

### Sudden temperature changes
The temperature of the water and the farm environment can have an impact on their metabolism. When the temperature fluctuates or changes abruptly and frequently, shrimp become stressed. When shrimp are stressed they become more susceptible to disease, causing them to be unable to move actively and instead float on the surface of the water.
### Shrimp are infected with disease
Floating shrimp may also suggest that they are infected with a disease, such as white spot disease. Shrimp infected with this disease will typically turn pale and weak before then swimming to the pond’s surface. Although only a few shrimp exhibit this symptom, you must be cautious because mass mortality might ensue within hours. 

In addition to [white spot disease](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/ways-to-overcome-vannamei-shrimp-disease-white-feces-disease-wfd), floating shrimp can signal the presence of white feces disease. This disease is identified by the presence of long white excrement or feces in the pond. White feces are the result of damaged shrimp digestion. The shrimp are then unable to swim actively in the pond and instead float on the surface of the water.

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## 5 Ways to Overcome Floating Vannamei Shrimp
You already know the possible causes of floating vannamei shrimp. To overcome this, you can try the following five methods:
### Apply dolomite lime
High carbon dioxide levels in the pond will deteriorate the health of the shrimp that are already floating. To overcome this, try using dolomite lime to bind carbon dioxide in the pond. Every 2 mg/l of dolomite lime will neutralize 1 mg/l of carbon dioxide.
### Change the water
If possible, you can change the pond water. This is a cheaper and easier way to overcome floating vannamei shrimp in the pond. New, sterile water will ensure that the shrimp grow healthily.
### Ensure that the paddle wheel is working properly
If you install a paddle wheel in the pond, make sure that it is working properly. The paddle wheel contributes significantly to the pond’s dissolved oxygen supply. If the paddle wheel is broken, repair it immediately to ensure it functions normally. 
### Improve feeding management
Shrimp that lack feed are more likely to be stressed. Their immune system will also weaken, making them more susceptible to diseases that cause them to float in the pond surface. Make sure to feed based on the shrimp's age and needs to meet their nutritions.
### Reduce the stocking density of the pond
An overly high stocking density in a narrow pond without a paddle wheel makes it difficult for shrimp to obtain oxygen. In fact, shrimp can float due to a lack of oxygen levels. 

If you see that the stocking density is overly high, you can reduce it through partial harvesting. Meanwhile, to prevent this, make sure to do careful calculations before stocking shrimp fry at the beginning of cultivation. 
## Conclusion
Floating vannamei shrimp is a fairly common cultivation problem. Its possible causes include
- Low dissolved oxygen levels
- Sudden temperature changes
- Shrimp are infected with disease

As the solution, there are five ways to overcome floating vannamei shrimp, including
- Applying dolomite lime
- Changing the water
- Ensuring the paddle wheel is working properly
- Improving feeding management
- Reducing the stocking density of the pond

To overcome this problem more effectively, keep track of every treatment, feeding, harvest, and monitor dissolved oxygen levels on a regular basis. You can record it in [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), the shrimp farm management application. 

JALA App not only makes it easier to record cultivation treatments, activities, and conditions, but it also enables real-time monitoring. JALA App also includes parameter analysis in the form of visual charts to help farmers make more informed decisions.

Find more benefits of JALA App by signing up at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech)! Make sure to download the application from Google Play Store or App Store as well.



Overcoming floating vannamei shrimp can be performed in several methods. In this article, you’ll learn how to overcome floating shrimp and what causes them.

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Five Ways to Overcome Floating Vannamei Shrimp

Moss is one of the plants that can grow in shrimp farms. Excessive moss growth in farms can lead to loss in shrimp cultivation, as moss decreases water quality and hinders shrimp growth. **Moss can be removed by improving and maintaining pond water quality, installing netting fences, and using biological agents.** Learn more about how to prevent and get rid of moss in your shrimp farm through this article.

<ToC />

## How to Get Rid of Moss in Farms
### 1. Improving and maintaining pond water quality
Poor water quality, with a salinity level that is too low (below 15 ppm) and an overly high organic matter concentration (over 90 ppm), can lead to moss growth. Therefore, farmers need to regularly and accurately conduct [water quality checks](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/jala-baruno-a-convenient-accurate-and-robust-pond-water-quality-measurement-device) to anticipate drastic changes in water parameters. Moss also grows well in lower water pH (below 7.5). Farmers can overcome this by giving dolomite treatment. Installing sufficient aerators also helps maintain oxygen circulation in the pond. 


>Read more: [Four Important Physical Parameters of Water Quality in Shrimp Farms](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/four-important-physical-parameters-of-water-quality-in-shrimp-farms)

### 2. Installing netting fences
Moss is an organism that photosynthesizes to survive. Thus, it thrives in farm environments with ample sunlight intensity. Installing [netting fences](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/netting-fences-looks-trivial-and-oftenly-be-overlooked) to reduce sunlight exposure in the farm can help to get rid of moss. 

### 3. Using biological agents
[Biological agents](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/bioremediation-as-a-solution-for-improving-water-quality-in-shrimp-ponds) can be another way to get rid of moss in farms. Application of probiotics or decomposing bacteria in the pond can break down organic matter in the water to hinder moss growth. Increasing plankton population by giving just enough fertilizers also help reduce the clarity of pond water, controlling the sunlight intensity. Moreover, keeping moss-eating fish like milkfish and rabbitfish can help reduce existing moss growth. 

### 4. Cleaning and disinfecting the pond
Cleaning the pond is essential during cultivation as well as when transitioning to a new cycle. Apply disinfectant during pond preparation to prevent moss growth. During cultivation, clean the walls and bottom of the pond regularly. Remove leftover feed and shrimp waste to prevent buildup, which can promote moss growth. Additionally, conduct siphoning to remove mud from the bottom of the pond.

### 5. Implementing feed management
Another important step to get rid of moss is through proper [feed management](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/one-important-step-in-feed-efficiency-make-regular-adjustments). Adjust the amount of feed according to shrimp’s needs to prevent overfeeding, which causes a buildup of feed waste and decreases the water quality. [Check feeding trays](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/daily-feed-input-keeps-increasing-yet-shrimp-are-not-growing) to monitor shrimp appetite and help determine the right amount of feed.

## Causes of Moss in Shrimp Ponds
Moss in shrimp ponds can be caused by several factors. High sunlight intensity and an overly high water clarity can accelerate moss growth. Also, accumulated leftover feed and shrimp waste that are not cleaned out also support moss growth, as these organic materials become a nutrient source for moss.

## Dangers of Moss in Shrimp Farms
Although it does not directly cause diseases, excessive moss can affect shrimp health. Moss can serve as a host for various pathogens like [White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/strengthening-indonesia-s-shrimp-industry-against-white-spot-disease-in-2025-and-beyond) and Vibrio bacteria. 

Besides pathogens, moss can also be a breeding ground for parasitic protozoa. These parasites can enter the [shrimp’s gills](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/morphology-of-vannamei-shrimp), blocking respiration and reducing appetite.

## Conclusion
Uncontrolled moss growth in shrimp farms is one of the causes of cultivation loss. Here are the ways to get rid of moss:
- Improving and maintaining pond water quality
- Installing netting fences
- Using biological agents
- Cleaning and disinfecting the pond
- Implementing feed management

Aside from getting rid of moss in the pond, optimize your cultivation with regular recording and monitoring by using [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). JALA App is a shrimp farm management application that helps you better understand pond conditions, allowing you to make suitable adjustments. With JALA App, you can record various cultivation parameters, including water quality, which is crucial to monitor to prevent excessive moss growth.

Haven’t registered at JALA App? Sign up now at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) and download the mobile version on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=id) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818)!

Getting rid of moss in shrimp farms can be done by improving and maintaining water quality as well as installing fences. Learn more in this article!

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How to Get Rid of Moss in Shrimp Farms 

The benefits of garlic for vannamei shrimp farming appear to be quite significant. **Garlic extract serves as a natural antibiotic, helps in disease treatment, increases hemocyte count, and promotes shrimp growth.**

Learn more about the benefits of garlic for vannamei shrimp farming below. 

<ToC />

## Benefits of Garlic for Shrimp
Garlic (_Allium sativum_) contains various beneficial components for shrimp, including bioactive compounds, allicin, and inulin. These contents have favorable effects on shrimp.

## Slows the formation of black spots
Shrimp removed from water will undergo an enzymatic oxidation reaction, specifically the activity of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme. This reaction leads to black spots formation on the shrimp's body, which may lower its economic value.

Garlic extract can help to slow the formation of these black spots. Polyphenols, which are bioactive compounds found in shrimp, play a crucial part in this process.

## Helps in treating disease
Garlic is a natural immunostimulant that can help treat White Feces Disease or WFD. Garlic extract contains allicin, which helps boost shrimp immunity. To reap this effect, farmers can mix garlic extract with [shrimp feed](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/high-quality-feed-for-shrimp-growth).

## Increases shrimp hemocyte count
Hemocytes are blood cells that are also part of the vannamei shrimp's immune system. Encapsulation, nodulation, and phagocytosis are all processes that hemocytes are responsible for. A high hemocyte count suggests a good level of health.

Research conducted by Gafur, Hadijah, dan Budi (2023) found that garlic extract 
increases the hemocytes count in shrimp. The dose applied was 10% of 1 kilogram of feed, and it was given for 25 days.

## Serves as natural antibiotics
Garlic is not just an immunostimulant, but it is also a natural antibiotic that can help in treating WFD. In the long term, garlic extract can boost immune response and give a positive impact on shrimp survival rate (SR).

## Promotes shrimp growth
Garlic's high inulin content can enhance feed nutrients. The higher the availability of feed nutrients, the more likely shrimp will absorb them. This will definitely have a positive impact on its growth.

## Conclusion
Benefits of garlic for vannamei shrimp cannot be separated from its contents, which includes bioactive compounds, allicin, and inulin. Garlic has at least five benefits for vannamei shrimp farming, such as
- Slows the formation of black spots
- Helps in treating disease
- Increases shrimp hemocytes count
- Serves as a natural antibiotic
- Promotes shrimp growth

The addition of garlic extract is one of the cultivation treatments that should be considered besides [mineral](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/minerals-for-vannamei-shrimp) application. To identify the impact, make sure to record every treatment application on [JALA App](http://jala.tech/app), the shrimp farm management app. 

JALA App enables you to record 40+ cultivation parameters, monitor them in real time, and examine its analysis. You can determine the best step for your cultivation from the data-driven insights in the application. 

You can start using JALA App right away by signing up at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech/) and downloading the mobile version from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818). Try it today!

### References
[Gafur, A., Hadijah, Budi, S. (2023). Performa Hematologis Udang Vannamei Litopaneus vanname Yang Diberi Eksrak Bawang Putih _Alium sativum_ Dosis Berbeda. _Journal of Aquaculture and Environment_, 6(1), 17-21.](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378152414_PERFORMA_HEMATOLOGIS_UDANG_VANNAMEI_Litopaneus_Vanname_YANG_DIBERI_EKSRAK_BAWANG_PUTIH_Alium_Sativum_DOSIS_BERBEDA)

[Yuniarti, dkk. (2018). Aplikasi Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih Memperlambat Pembentukan Bintik Hitam pada Udang Vaname. _Jurnal Penyuluhan Perikanan dan Kelautan_, 12(2), 65-79.](https://jppik.id/index.php/jppik/article/view/101/96)

There are several benefits of garlic for vannamei shrimp farming, from disease mitigation to shrimp growth support. Discover more here.

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Five Benefits of Garlic for Vannamei Shrimp

The shrimp industry suffers from many serious pathogens such as EHP, AHPND, IMNV and WSSV. However, for the past three decades, White Spot Disease (WSD caused by WSSV) has been the most prevalent and remains the deadliest disease affecting shrimp aquaculture globally. Indonesia’s shrimp industry, one of the largest and most important in the world, is no exception, making prevention and investigative treatment options a priority for the aquaculture sector.

<ToC />

## Understanding WSSV
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a highly contagious virus that poses a significant threat to shrimp farming. As described by experts, WSSV belongs to the Nimaviridae family and is the causative agent of White Spot Disease (Dey et al. 2020). The virus can lead to catastrophic mortality rates, reaching up to 100% in infected shrimp populations within just 3 to 10 days after the onset of clinical symptoms, resulting in visually obvious white spots on shrimp shells. Shrimp farmers need to remain vigilant, as even a small-scale outbreak once seen by the human eye could decimate production in a short span of time.

The risk of WSSV outbreaks is particularly heightened during the rainy season, transition seasons, and colder months, when sudden environmental changes can place additional stress on shrimp, making them more susceptible to pathogens. 


>[Learn more about White Spot Syndrome Virus in Genics’ Pathogen Guide](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/WSSV_Education_Guide_English_40aa260fab.pdf?)

## Biosecurity: The Key to Prevention
Implementing strong biosecurity measures to protect farms from WSSV is key to keeping Indonesia’s shrimp industry thriving. With the nation striving to increase shrimp production, extra caution is needed to prevent the introduction and spread of WSSV within regions and farms.

## Emerging Risks
The risks associated with WSSV are brought into focus by understanding the broad vector or host-range of this pathogen, and how persistent it can be in wild populations of crustaceans and other aquatic species. Farmers should be aware of the small physical size of the disease vectors that enable them to easily enter water sources or ponds.

Strengthening biosecurity, ensuring water treatment systems are functional, maintaining optimal pond conditions, and regularly monitoring shrimp health with tools that are fit-for-purpose with statistically meaningful sample plans, are key to keeping WSSV at bay, maintaining healthy shrimp and improving farm productivity.

## Behavioural Fever and Potential New Management Approaches
Temperature gradients within a production zone may help reduce the impact of WSSV. Recent laboratory-scale research conducted by [Rakhshaninejad, Zheng, and Nauwynck in 2023](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37865676/) has highlighted the potential of "behavioural fever" as a natural defence mechanism for _L. vannamei_ shrimp infected with WSSV. The study found that shrimp actively moved towards warmer water when exposed to WSSV, significantly reducing mortality rates compared to those kept in a fixed-temperature environment. 

Shrimp housed in a system with a temperature gradient had a mortality rate of only 28%, compared to 94% for those kept at a consistent 27°C. This suggests that investigating new management protocols, such as creating controlled thermal gradients in infected ponds, could help reduce mortality rates and mitigate the impact of WSSV. These findings underscore the potential opportunity of adapting farming practices to leverage natural behaviours that enhance shrimp resilience against this virus

By focusing on prevention, early-detection, and early intervention, Indonesia can safeguard its shrimp industry as a leading exporter of high-quality shrimp.

## About Genics
Genics is an Australian biotechnology company focused on the development of the world's most advanced early pathogen detection and breeding program services, supporting global food security goals and biosecurity measures. Genics proprietary pathogen detection offering, Shrimp MultiPath™ is the world's most comprehensive pathogen detection tool for shrimp farming, offering unparalleled accuracy and speed. With operations in over 50 countries, Genics combines cutting-edge technology, rigorous scientific research, and partnerships with global leaders like CSIRO and Weatherbys Scientific to deliver early disease detection and comprehensive genetic analysis for shrimp.

Learn how to strengthen Indonesia's shrimp industry by understanding the risks and opportunities to overcome WSSV outbreak in farms. 

Strengthening Indonesia's Shrimp Industry against White Spot Disease

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Strengthening Indonesia's Shrimp Industry against White Spot Disease in 2025 and Beyond

Vannamei shrimp is one of the popular commodities that is cultivated in Indonesia. Although considered a [marine shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-type-of-water-do-vannamei-shrimp-live-in), vannamei shrimp thrives well in brackish cultivation environments. If you are interested in [cultivating vannamei shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/how-to-cultivate-vannamei-shrimp), you first need to get familiar with the morphology or structure and body parts of vannamei shrimp. Learn the full details in this article!

<ToC />

## External Morphology of Vannamei Shrimp

![Image of vannamei shrimp morphology](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/10_OKT_ARTIKEL_FROSALA_MORFOLOGI_UDANG_ENG_d3545b4fdd.png)

The external morphology of vannamei shrimp can be classified into two parts, the head and the body. The head is merged with the thorax, hence it is known as the cephalothorax. The cephalothorax has an outwardly pointing shell which is also known as the carapace.

Meanwhile, the body or abdomen has six pairs of segments. Pleopods, or swimming legs, can be found on the first five segments of the abdomen. The last segment consists of a fan tail, which includes the uropods and telson, helping the shrimp swim and maintain balance.

## Internal Morphology of Vannamei Shrimp

### 1. Digestive system
The vannamei shrimp’s digestive system comprises three parts. The first part, the foregut, starts at the mouth in the cephalothorax area. The second part or midgut stretches from the stomach to the sixth abdominal segment. The third part, the hindgut, has epithelial cells lined with cuticles and connects the midgut to the anus.

### 2. Respiratory system
Shrimp respire through gills, which are attached to the carapace in the cephalothorax. Aside from respiration, gills play a role in maintaining water and salt balance, ammonia secretion, and calcium uptake. Gills also filter and remove waste particles and bacteria.

### 3. Circulatory system
Shrimp have an open circulatory system, which means oxygen is transported throughout the body without blood vessels. Shrimp have a heart located dorsally in the cephalothorax. Hemolymph vessels leave the heart and branch out several times to reach the entire body. 

### 4. Nervous system
Shrimp have a brain located at the back of the cephalothorax. The brain is connected to the ventral cord through two networks that pass through the esophagus. The brain serves as the main control center, connecting with all internal body parts. The central nervous system of shrimp is regulated by neurohormones released by several glands.

### 5. Reproductive system
Male shrimp have a pair of testes, vas deferens, and terminal ampullae. Spermatids are produced in the spermatogonia and mature in the seminiferous tubules. Meanwhile, female shrimp have a pair of elongated ovaries. Because shrimp have an external reproductive system, female shrimp have a genophore channel located on the third pair of walking legs (pereopods) to release eggs that are ready for fertilization.


>Read more: [Vannamei Shrimp Life Cycle: From Eggs to Adult Shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/vannamei-shrimp-life-cycle)

### 6. Integumentary system 
The integumentary or shell system of shrimp protects them from the surrounding environment and pathogens that may enter. Shrimp shell consists of cuticles made up of connective tissue, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and calcium salts. However, the composition of shrimp shell may change depending on the molting phase.


>Read more: [Molting in Shrimp: Stages and How to Handle It [Important!]](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/molting-in-shrimp)

## Conclusion
The morphology of vannamei shrimp can be divided into external and internal morphology. External morphology is divided into two parts: the head and the body. Meanwhile, the internal morphology of shrimp consists of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, reproductive, and integumentary systems. All parts of the vannamei shrimp’s body play an important role in its growth and life cycle.

If you are interested in cultivating vannamei shrimp, make sure to regularly record and monitor your farming progress using [JALA App](http://jala.tech/id/app). JALA App is a shrimp farm management application that is #HeretoHelp you take the best decision in your farm. 

Haven’t registered at JALA App? Sign up now at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) and download the mobile version on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=id) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818)!

## Resources
Dugassa, H., & Gaetan, D. G. (2018). Biology of white leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei: Review. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 10(2), 5-17.

Vannamei shrimp has an external and internal morphology that is important to know before starting cultivation. Check out the morphology of vannamei shrimp here!

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The Morphology of Vannamei Shrimp that You Need to Know

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2023 and outlook conference for 2024.

Shrimp Outlook 2024

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2022 and outlook conference for 2023.

Shrimp Outlook 2023

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2021 and outlook conference for 2022.

Shrimp Outlook 2022

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Shrimp size is an important parameter in cultivation and [harvest](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-are-6-important-steps-of-shrimp-harvesting-process). Within one cycle, farmers usually aim for a specific size of shrimp, hence it is essential for you to know how to calculate shrimp size.

By understanding how to calculate shrimp size and knowing the exact numbers, you will be able to plan feed management better and determine the optimal price at harvest. You can save money on feed and sell your shrimp at best prices.

However, before figuring out how to calculate shrimp size, you have to understand what shrimp size is. Check out the discussion below.

## What is Shrimp Size?
Shrimp size is closely related to the amount of shrimp and becomes a benchmark for profits in one cycle. Here’s the short explanation:

### An indicator of the amount of shrimp in 1 kilogram
A shrimp's size is determined by counting how many shrimp there are in every one kilogram. For instance, if you find a size 50 shrimp, it means there are 50 shrimp per one kilogram. The smaller the shrimp size number, the heavier and bigger the shrimp.

### Benchmark for selling prices
Shrimp size becomes a benchmark for selling prices to suppliers and an estimate of the future profits. Therefore, the smaller the shrimp size number, the higher the selling price and vice versa. For example, size 50 shrimp has a higher price than size 100 shrimp.

## The minimal size target of vannamei shrimp
Farmers usually aim for a minimum size of 100 during the first partial harvest. Size 100 shrimp already has a solid economic value and the demand for it is quite high. In addition to size 100, the demand for size 90 to size 50 shrimp on both domestic and export markets is high as well.

## How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size?
Once you understand what shrimp size is, you also need to understand how to calculate vannamei shrimp size. Apart from being calculated at harvest, vannamei shrimp size can also be calculated on a certain Day of Culture (DoC) through [sampling](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/does-weekly-sampling-really-cause-losses-in-shrimp-farms).

Sampling is the activity of monitoring shrimp condition through multiple samples in feeding trays or nets. This activity is conducted periodically to determine the size, growth rate, Average Body Weight (ABW), and [Average Daily Gain (ADG)](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-is-adg) of the shrimp from time to time. From the sampling results, farmers can also identify potential disease symptoms.

During sampling, you can use the following formula for calculating shrimp size:
![How to Calculate Shrimp Size.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/How_to_Calculate_Shrimp_Size_014209b2b0.png)

For example, a farmer conducted sampling on DoC of 56 days and found that the ABW of his shrimp sample was 10.47 grams. The farmer wanted to know the shrimp size, hence he did the following calculations:

Size = 1,000 grams / 10.47 grams = 95,5

From the calculation above, the shrimp size obtained is 95.5 shrimp/kg.

## Conclusion
In vannamei shrimp farming, size is 
- A measurement based on the amount of shrimp in every one kilogram
- One of the benchmarks for selling prices

Vannamei shrimp size calculation is done by dividing 1,000 grams by ABW. This calculation can be conducted both at harvest and at periodical sampling.

To assist you in monitoring the sampling results, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp with the recording and analysis features of 40+ cultivation parameters. In addition to record sampling results, you can also record [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/four-important-physical-parameters-of-water-quality-in-shrimp-farms), feed, disease, shrimp mortality, harvest, and many more.

Let’s cultivate productively and efficiently with JALA App! Download the app on Google Play Store or App Store.

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How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size: Here's the Complete Explanation!

The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of several stages, starting from eggs to finally becoming adult shrimp. Every developmental stage has different characteristics.

It is important to understand the life cycle of vannamei shrimp larvae to provide them with appropriate treatment. By understanding the life cycle of vannamei shrimp, you can identify their needs and adjust their surroundings.

What are the stages of vannamei shrimp life cycle and how should the larvae be treated? Read more in this article.

## What is the Life Cycle of Vannamei Shrimp?
The life cycle of vannamei shrimp begins with spawning between male and female shrimp. Female shrimp that have reached maturity or have reached 7-8 months and have an orange color on their backs can become broodstock. 

The female shrimp will release pheromones that stimulate male shrimp. After that, the mating process occurs. Later, the mating process between the male and female shrimp produces eggs which will be laid by the female shrimp.

About 4-5 hours later, female shrimp or now broodstock lay eggs. These eggs are pre-larvae which will later develop into cultivated vannamei shrimp.

Furthermore, read the following explanation about stages of shrimp life cycle:

### 1. Eggs
A broodstock is usually capable of delivering 500,000-1,000,000 eggs each time it lays eggs. These eggs are kept apart from their broodstock in a different pond.

It takes 12-16 hours for the eggs to eventually hatch into microscopic larvae (naupli).

### 2. Naupli
Naupli or nauplius is the initial stage of development of vannamei shrimp larvae. At this stage, shrimp larvae at this stage have food reserves such as egg yolk stored in their bodies, hence they do not need artificial feed intake yet.

Throughout the naupli stage, the larvae undergoes six changes of form, namely Nauplius I, Nauplius II, Nauplius III, Nauplius IV, Nauplius V, and Nauplius VI.

![Naupli Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Naupli_Udang_Vaname_2168b28ce1.png)
Naupli (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 3. Zoea
Naupli will grow into zoea or 1.05–3.30 mm shrimp larvae. At this stage, zoea undergo three changes of form, namely Zoea I, Zoea II, and Zoea III, and can be fed natural feed. This stage lasts for 3-4 days.

![Zoea Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Zoea_Udang_Vaname_20ccc25218.png)
Zoea (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 4. Mysis
At the mysis stage, the larvae start to resemble shrimp because they have a fan-shaped tail. These larvae have the characteristic of moving backwards and bending their bodies (Azizah, 2018). 

Similar to zoea, mysis will undergo three changes in form, namely Mysis I, Mysis II, and Mysis III.

![Mysis Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Mysis_Udang_Vaname_fc974ca77e.png)
Mysis (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 5. Post Larvae
The count used at this stage uses days, for example if the post larvae are 1 day old, they are PL1. Apart from that, shrimp in the post-larvae stage have started to actively move around.

Post larvae are usually raised until PL11-PL12. At this stage, the post-larvae is known as [shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-strategy-to-choose-the-right-shrimp-fry) which are resistant to rearing conditions and are ready to be stocked in ponds.

![Post Larva Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Post_Larva_Udang_Vaname_70ad575395.png)
Post Larvae (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 6. Juvenile
Juvenile is the next stage of the shrimp life cycle following post larvae. At this stage, the shape of the shrimp already resembles adult shrimp. 

However, this stage is considered a vulnerable period in the shrimp life cycle because shrimp require a habitat with the right amount of feed and environmental conditions (Putri, Nitisupardjo, & Hendrarto, 2014). At this stage, the shrimp are transported from the hatchery to the farm for cultivation.

### 7. Young Shrimp
After 80-90 days from the juvenile stage, the shrimp will grow to be young shrimp. Its weight depends on the [cultivation system in the farm](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/shrimp-farm-type), ranging from extensive to supra-intensive.

### 8. Adult Shrimp
About 25-30 days later, the young shrimp grow to be adult shrimp, and this is the final stage of the shrimp life cycle. 

Shrimp can be said to be adult starting 4 months after the juvenile phase. In this stage, the shrimp are ready to be harvested because they already reach enough economic value.

## Tips for Rearing Shrimp Larvae
Vannamei shrimp larvae require the proper treatment during their life cycle to ensure the best potential growth into shrimp. Here are some measures that need to be taken to rear vannamei shrimp larvae:

### 1. Maintain Water Quality

Water is a crucial factor since it is the habitat where shrimp larvae grow. Therefore, make sure that the water quality parameters in the rearing pond, such as pH, temperature, [salinity](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/change-of-salinity-level-shrimp-ponds), and dissolved oxygen are in ideal conditions.

It is best to measure [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/baruno) every day and record developments over time. These records can provide insights to help you take action in cultivation.

### 2. Manage Feed Properly
During the rearing period, shrimp larvae consume natural feed such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, especially since the zoea stage. However, if necessary, the hatchery will also provide artificial feed based on the nutritional needs of each larvae stage.

Shrimp larvae are fed 4-6 times a day in the [hatchery](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery). As the age of the shrimp larvae adds, the size of the feed and the dose given will increase. This is because the nutritional needs of shrimp larvae are increasing.

### 3. Prevent Diseases
[Shrimp disease](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/5-effective-ways-to-prevent-vannamei-shrimp-diseases) must also be paid attention to during the rearing period. Zoea Syndrome is one disease that often attacks shrimp larvae and is characterized by the larvae's unwillingness to eat since the Zoea I stage.

To prevent the spread of disease, it is best to separate the spawning tanks from the larvae rearing tanks. Additionally, maintain the sterility of the rearing area by, for example, making sure the person that helps with spawning them has received disinfection.

## Conclusion
The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of 8 stages, namely
1. Eggs
2. Naupli
3. Zoea
4. Mysis
5. Post Larvae
6. Juvenile
7. Young Shrimp
8. Adult Shrimp

Once you understand the life cycle, make sure the hatchery where you get your shrimp fry implements the proper measures for rearing vannamei shrimp larvae. An SPF or SPR certificate is also required to minimize the risk of disease attacks and improve [the quality of the shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/successful-tips-in-maintaining-shrimp-quality) itself at harvest.

The next important thing is recording the daily conditions of cultivation. In addition to the development of the shrimp fry, other variables such as feed, disease, and water quality measures should also be recorded.

The good news is, JALA is #HeretoHelp through [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). With JALA App, you can record and monitor the condition of your shrimp farming at any time and from anywhere right at your fingertips regularly. Let's cultivate more productively and efficiently with JALA App!

<a href="https://jala.tech/app" target="_blank">
  <img border="0" align="center"  src="https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/18_JAN_ARTIKEL_BLOG_CTA_ENG_2_28ede773b8.png"/>
</a>

**References**

[4 Pilihan Pakan untuk Benur Udang Vaname Tumbuh Optimal | Minapoli ](https://www.minapoli.com/info/4-pilihan-pakan-untuk-benur-udang-vaname-tumbuh-optimal)

Azizah, N. (2018). _Teknik Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _di PT. Central Pertiwi Bahari Takalar Sulawesi Selatan_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/dokumen_isi/Monograf/TUGAS%20AKHIR%20LENGKAP%20ACC-dikompresi_003.pdf)

Haliman, R. W., dkk. (2005). Zoea Syndrome (ZS) pada Larva Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). _Biosfera_, 22(1), 6–11. [https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id](https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/77) 

Malik, A. (2018). _Teknik Pemijahan dan Pengelolaan Telur Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus Vannamei) _di PT. Suri Tani Pemuka (Japfa) Unit Hatchery Makassar Kabupaten Barru_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/MGFjOTQ5ZTI5NmMxZjczNGE1YTQyMTZlNzFkYzZmYzVhMmQ4OGM2Nw==.pdf)

Putri, N. F., Nitisupadjo, M., Hendrarto, B. (2014). Analisis Kelimpahan Juvenil Udang dengan Menggunakan Metode Perangkap Agar-agar dan Pemberian Pakan Udang di Perairan Morosari, Demak. _Diponegoro Journal of Maquares_, 3(3), 1-9. [https://www.neliti.com](https://www.neliti.com/publications/191676/analisis-kelimpahan-juvenil-udang-dengan-menggunakan-metode-perangkap-agar-agar#id-section-content) 

[Siklus Hidup Udang Vaname | Agrikan](https://agrikan.id/siklus-hidup-udang-vaname/)

Wyban, J., & Sweeney, J. N. (1991)._ Intensive shrimp production technology: The Oceanic Institute Shrimp Manual_. The Institute. dalam Nuraini, A. N. (2021). _Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _dengan Penambahan Probiotik Monodon Plus pada Media Pemeliharaan_ (diploma thesis). Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung. Retrieved in 2024, from [http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/](http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/) 

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Vannamei Shrimp Life Cycle: From Eggs to Adult Shrimp

Shrimp cultivation is often considered [a promising business](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/4-reasons-why-shrimp-farming-is-considered-promising), especially in Indonesia, a country with significant potential for cultivation due to its geographical location and climate. Among various types of shrimp, the ones commonly cultivated are freshwater shrimp.

Before starting a [shrimp farming business](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-things-to-consider-before-starting-a-shrimp-farming-business), prospective farmers interested in exploring the shrimp cultivation industry need to get familiar with the various types of freshwater shrimp that are often cultivated in ponds in order to decide which type of shrimp to cultivate based on their characteristics.

## Various Types of Freshwater Shrimp
There are several types of freshwater shrimp that are popularly cultivated in Indonesia, such as the giant freshwater prawn, monkey river prawn, and the red nose shrimp. Let's explore the characteristics of each shrimp type!

### 1. Giant Freshwater Prawn
Next is the giant freshwater prawn (_Macrobrachium rosenbergii_), which is commonly found in rivers and coastal estuaries in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and China. With a large body size, reaching up to 30 cm, and sweet, juicy flesh, giant freshwater prawns have a slow growth rate, taking about 180 days to reach a high economic value.

![udang galah](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_galah_4d67f2736d.png)

Giant freshwater prawns come in various colors such as green, blue, brown, and yellow, with a curved long rostrum and longer claws compared to their legs.

### 2. Monkey River Prawn
The monkey river prawn (_Macrobrachium lar_) is commonly found in the West Indo-Pacific region. This type of shrimp thrives in both saltwater and freshwater habitats. Still, it is one of the most common types of freshwater shrimp cultivated in farms, where cultivation approximately takes 110 days.

![udang lar](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_lar_748af1cb3b.jpeg)

Monkey river prawns have a considerably large body, with lengths reaching up to 18 cm. They can withstand high salinity in water, and exhibit good resistance to diseases, contributing to high productivity.

### 3. Red Nose Shrimp
Another type of cultivated shrimp with high economic value is the red nose shrimp (_Caridina gracilirostris_). They can be found in various regions such as Japan, Fiji, Indonesia, and Madagascar, particularly in rivers and estuaries. 

![udang beras](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_beras_1b3c12cfd4.jpeg)

These yellow-orange, slightly transparent shrimp are not only sold as food but also popular as aquarium decorations due to their attractive red rostrum. They also consume algae, which makes them beneficial for aquarium owners.

### 4. Freshwater Crayfish
Freshwater crayfish (_Astacoidea_) is another type of freshwater shrimp commonly cultivated in farms. This type of shrimp lives in swamps, lakes, and rivers of various continents. Due to its low stress level and disease susceptibility, as well as the ability to grow quickly, this type of freshwater shrimp can be cultivated easily in soil-based ponds. 

![lobster air tawar (sumber: pak tani digital)](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/lobster_air_tawar_26d04e85d6.jpeg)

Several kinds of popular freshwater crayfish for cultivation include the red claw crayfish, red swamp crayfish, which is smaller in size, and the common yabby, known for its high tolerance towards extreme weather conditions including drought.

### 5. Roshna Prawn
The final type of shrimp on the list is the roshna prawn (_Palaemon styliferus_). This type of shrimp is also commonly found in Indo-Pacific regions including Iraq, Bangladesh, and Hong Kong. These freshwater shrimp grow well in tropical areas.

Roshna prawns are pale yellow and slightly transparent with a cone-shaped head are popularly processed as ebi with a high market price which makes it attractive for farmers.

## Conclusion
Various types of freshwater shrimp that are popular for cultivation include:
- Giant freshwater prawn
- Monkey river prawn
- Red nose shrimp
- Slipper lobster
- Roshna prawn

Before starting cultivation, make sure to understand the characteristics of each shrimp type to choose the most suitable one for your business goals. Additionally, provide appropriate [treatment](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/7-effective-treatments-in-shrimp-cultivation-management) in your farm according to the type of shrimp, ensuring that they grow well and can be sold at a profitable price. 

To ensure the success of your cultivation, JALA is #HeretoHelp you with [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), an application to record and monitor cultivation conditions regularly and conveniently. Register on JALA App through app.jala.tech or download the mobile version from Google Play Store or App Store to start your cultivation journey today!

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5 Popular Types of Freshwater Shrimp that are Often Cultivated in Farms

<h2>Regencies where shrimp is the main commodity</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp is one of the most in-demand fisheries commodities. According to data from the <a href="https://www.kkp.go.id/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries</a>,&nbsp; shrimp is the largest export commodity in Indonesia compared to other fishery commodities. In 2020, its export volume reached 239.28 million kgs, with a value of US$ 2.04 billion.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The rising demand for shrimp has prompted the growth of shrimp farming in numerous regions in Indonesia. As a result, the shrimp farming industry in Indonesia continues to expand. Over a ten-year period (2009-2019), the annual growth rate of vannamei <a href="https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/key-to-successful-cultivation-sustainable-shrimp-production" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">shrimp production</a> in Indonesia reached 2.4 percent.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp farming business in Indonesia is spread in coastal areas. Some of them are:</p>
<h3>South Lampung, Lampung</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Vannamei shrimp is one of the leading commodities in South Lampung. Despite being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry is gradually getting back on its feet&nbsp; This is shown by the rising market price of vannamei shrimp. Furthermore, the shrimp industry in South Lampung is being supported by the development of pilot ponds in an endeavor to restore the glory of the shrimp commodity in Lampung.</p>
<h3>Cirebon, West Java</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Rebon shrimp is a popular commodity in Cirebon. However, in addition to rebon shrimp, people in Cirebon are also interested in vannamei shrimp farming because the risk of failure is lower. Cirebon's extensive water area helps to support vannamei shrimp farming.</p>
<h3>Situbondo, East Java</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The majority of shrimp ponds in Situbondo Regency use an intensive cultivation system where the density of stock is high. This is one of the reasons behind the regency's high productivity per area of shrimp ponds. In terms of quality, shrimp cultivated in Situbondo are also relatively better because the sea water on the area's coast is calmer and less polluted by industrial pollutants.</p>
<h3>Jembrana, Bali</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In contrast to the majority of Bali's other districts which prioritize tourism, Jembrana Regency prioritizes the fishery sector, particularly shrimp farming. Almost all of the farmers in the district cultivate in traditional or <a href="https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/extensive-pond-can-also-be-productive" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">extensive ponds</a>. Nonetheless, the shrimp industry actors and the local government continue working to boost its production.</p>
<h3>Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Aside from tourism, the fisheries sector, particularly shrimp farming, is significant to Lombok Island. Farmers in Lombok can produce more than 200 tons of Vannamei shrimp in a single harvest cycle. Shrimp farming on this island is primarily focused on meeting the country's need for shrimp.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shrimp farming in Indonesia's shrimp production areas should be maximized. Its productivity will undoubtedly increase if it runs optimally. To that aim, the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has implemented a number of strategies to boost shrimp farming productivity in Indonesia. Two of these are projects for integrated shrimp farming and pond revitalization.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition, <a href="https://app.jala.tech/register" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">digital technology</a> for shrimp farming must be implemented. Farmers will be more supported in running cultivation through the use of digital technology, and cultivation production is expected to increase. If these measures are effective, the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries'&nbsp;production target of 2 million tons by 2024 is not impossible to achieve.</p>

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Where Are the Shrimp Producing Regencies in Indonesia?

<p>There are many ways to increase the productivity of cultivation, there are many treatments or <em>treatment</em> also can be used. Giving lime is one of the common treatments to support pond productivity. Lime plays a direct role in shrimp growth and water quality management.</p><p> Types of lime commonly used in shrimp farming include agricultural lime/captan (CaCO <sub>3</sub> ), dolomite (CaMg(CO <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> ), quicklime (CaO), and hydrated lime (Ca(OH) <sub>2</sub> ).</p><h2> What are the functions of lime in shrimp ponds?</h2><h3> Raise pH</h3><p> The degree of acidity (pH) plays a role in the physiological stability and metabolism of shrimp. The recommended water pH range for shrimp farming is 7.8-8.5. Lime has the main function of increasing the pH of water and soil. Lime works by binding hydrogen ions (H) thereby reducing the acidity of water and soil. Lime can be given directly to water, soil, or added to feed.</p><h3> Increases alkalinity</h3><p> Liming is also a solution for pond alkalinity that is too low. The alkalinity of shrimp pond water should not be less than 100 ppm. Alkalinity affects the stability of water pH and water fertility.</p><p> The increase in alkalinity controls the pH and calcium concentration. Sufficient alkalinity can maintain fluctuations between morning and evening pH in the range of 0.2-0.5. The pH fluctuation should not be more than 0.5. Changes that are too large or sudden cause the shrimp to go into <em>shock</em> and stop eating.</p><h3> Helping the molting process</h3><p> Giving treatment in the form of lime will provide a source of Ca (calcium) needed by the shrimp in the molting process <strong>(Also read: <a href="https://jala.tech/id/blog/tips-budidaya/bulan-purnama-dan-molting-udang" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Moon and Molting Shrimp</a> )</strong> . The more often the shrimp molt, the faster the shrimp growth. One of the things that is needed to support it is to have sufficient minerals, especially calcium. Calcium is used in the formation and hardening of new shrimp shells.</p><p> Lime is applied by dispensing directly into the water or adding it to the feed. If added to the feed, lime will enrich the feed content as a source of minerals to facilitate the molting process of shrimp. Regulation of the Ca/P ratio in the feed also supports carapace calcium (skin) and feed efficiency.</p><h3> Accelerate the process of decomposition of organic matter</h3><p> This function is mainly intended for pond soils that are acidic. Acidic soil causes disruption of the nutrient cycle. Soil in shrimp ponds has the potential to become more acidic as a result of the accumulation of organic matter from feed residues and shrimp metabolism products (faeces). This will reduce the productivity of cultivation. The surrounding environment has an impact on the degradation of environmental quality. The decomposition of organic matter becomes incomplete.</p><p> Giving lime can also be a solution in ponds that have too concentrated water. Characterized by low water brightness. This is an indication of <em>blooming algae</em> . Giving lime can increase the penetration of sunlight, so that the brightness of the water increases. Lime will bind phosphate from water, mainly by calcium. The impact will limit the photosynthesis of phytoplankton. The next impact is that the pH of the water increases and carbon dioxide decreases.</p><h2> Get to know the types of lime that can be used</h2><h3> Dolomite lime (CaMg(CO <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> )</h3><p> Dolomite lime is lime with high calcium and magnesium content. This type of lime is a source of minerals for vaname shrimp. Calcium and magnesium play a role in activating various types of digestive enzymes in shrimp and assisting the molting process.</p><p> Dolomite lime can be applied by adding it to the feed in a certain ratio. Dolomite serves to increase alkalinity and hardness. Dolomite is used when the alkalinity is low, the increase in the pH of the water is not too drastic.</p><h3> Lime (CaO) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH) <sub>2</sub> )</h3><p> The use of CaO and Ca(OH) <sub>2 is</sub> not recommended. In addition to being more expensive, both cause a drastic increase in pH so that it can have a negative effect on shrimp. Hydrated lime can raise the pH and binding CO <sub>2</sub> effectively. To increase the alkalinity and at the same time raise the pH, lime hydroxide Ca(OH) <sub>2</sub> can be used, but the dosage must be considered.</p><h3> Agricultural lime (CaCO <sub>3</sub> )</h3><p> Agricultural or general lime also called kaptan has the main function of increasing pH, hardness, and alkalinity. Contains calcium which can bind H ions in water so that it effectively raises the pH. Giving captan in large quantities will also increase the alkalinity which plays a role in the stability of the pH of the water.</p><h2> What is the right dose of lime in ponds?</h2><p> Giving lime must be with several considerations and goals</p><ol><li> Know the current state of the pond. For example, first measure the pH range in the morning and evening, the frequency of molting, or the current concentration of alkalinity.</li><li> Cultivation profile. For example by considering the area and depth of the pond (to determine the total volume of water) and also the stocking density of shrimp.</li><li> The type of lime used is also adjusted for the purpose, only to increase the alkalinity or to increase the availability of calcium.</li></ol><p> These things will determine the dose to be given. Because giving the right dose is needed so that the effects are also in accordance with the purpose. Lime will react more quickly by spreading it directly into the water. Lime will slowly dissolve, resulting in decreased <em>alkalinity and hardness.</em> So giving lime regularly is also needed taking into account the conditions.</p><p></p><h6> References and further reading material:</h6><h6> Banrie. 2013. <a href="https://thefishsite.com/articles/liming-ponds-for-aquaculture" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Liming Ponds for Aquaculture</a> . The Fish Site.</h6><h6> Boyd, CE 2017. <a href="https://aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/lime-aquaculture" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Lime Plays Crucial Role in Aquaculture Pond Management</a> . Global Aquaculture Alliance.</h6><h6> Supito and Arief Taslihan. 2006. <a href="https://trobosaqua.com/detail-berita/2006/11/01/13/243/kunci-sukses-budidaya-udang" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Key to Success in Shrimp Cultivation</a> . Trobos Aqua.</h6><h6> Supono. 2017. Shrimp Production Technology. Yogyakarta: Plantaxia.</h6>