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In shrimp farming, water pH typically increases from morning to afternoon due to phytoplankton photosynthesis. However, when afternoon pH drops lower than the morning level, it could signal a disturbance in the pond’s ecosystem.

This condition may indicate:
- Disrupted or dying phytoplankton populations.
- Reduced photosynthetic activity.
- Dominance of harmful bacteria or organic matter decomposition.
- Ammonia converting into nitrite to nitrate, releasing H⁺ ions and lowering pH.
- Overdosing or side effects from chemical use, such as disinfectants or medications.

When afternoon pH is lower than in the morning, this should be addressed immediately to prevent further impact on shrimp health. What are the risks, and how can you manage them? Read on to find out!

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## Effects of Afternoon pH Drop on Shrimp
If a lower afternoon pH is left unaddressed, it can affect shrimp health and reduce overall productivity. Here are several potential impacts:
- **Shrimp become stressed.** pH fluctuations can make shrimp uncomfortable and more prone to panic.
- **Reduced shrimp appetite.** Poor water quality can cause shrimp to eat less.
- **Increased disease susceptibility.** Stressed shrimp are more vulnerable to bacteria and infections.
- **Molting issues.** pH imbalance can disrupt the molting process.
- **Stunted growth.** Shrimp may use more energy just to survive, leaving less for growth.

## Solutions to Manage pH Imbalance
Given the significant impacts, [maintaining stable pH](https://jala.tech/id/blog/tips-budidaya/menjaga-stabilitas-ph-air-tambak) is crucial in shrimp farming. Here are some effective strategies:

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### Perform complete water quality checks
Measure pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, ammonia, and nitrite levels regularly. Monitor changes in water color, brownish-green hues may indicate dying phytoplankton.

### Reduce feeding temporarily
If water appears cloudy, foul smelling, or if shrimp seem weak, reduce feeding to prevent organic buildup in the pond.

### Apply probiotics at night
Use probiotics to control harmful bacteria and break down organic matter. Choose _Bacillus_ spp. or _Lactobacillus_ spp.

### Provide minerals and lime as needed
Apply dolomite or quicklime to stabilize pH, and add mineral Ca and Mg to support molting and shrimp metabolism.

### Improve aeration
Enhance water circulation and oxygen levels by increasing aeration. Adding paddlewheels helps distribute pH and oxygen evenly, preventing anaerobic zones at the pond bottom.

### Conduct partial water exchange
If water quality is poor, replace 10–20% of the pond water to reduce organic load. Use siphoning to support the water exchange process.

## Conclusion
A lower afternoon pH compared to morning is an early sign of ecosystem imbalance. If left unmanaged, it can negatively affect shrimp growth and health. Through regular monitoring and prompt action, such as applying probiotics, supplementing minerals, and improving water quality, pond conditions can be restored to support optimal shrimp farming.

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Ensure accurate and routine pH measurements with [Baruni](https://jala.tech/baruni), 5-in-1 water quality measuring tool from JALA, designed to help you farm more confidently and efficiently!

A lower afternoon pH in shrimp farming can lead to health issues and reduced shrimp productivity.

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Pond Dynamics When Afternoon pH Drops Below Morning Levels

Behind the strategic, communicative, and detail-oriented nature often associated with legal work, there's another side of JALA’s Legal Team that often goes unnoticed: a warm work culture. Their work isn’t just about analyzing regulations or drafting contracts, they also continuously foster an open, trusting work environment, and stay adaptable in the face of challenges.

Read more: [JALA Legal Team: Safeguarding Business, Upholding Compliance](https://jala.tech/blog/life-at-jala/jala-legal-team)

<ToC />

## Inside JALA’s Legal Team
The work culture in JALA Legal Team is highly collaborative and adaptive. Every week, they hold a weekly sync to map out weekly priorities and workloads, see the progress of tasks and projects, and identify potential obstacles that require cross-team escalation.

In addition, they often engage in brainstorming sessions, both internally and across departments. They maintain two-way communication to avoid getting caught in a position of only giving "legal verdicts", but to help build solutions.

Team bonding also becomes the key to their collaboration. Common forms of bonding they usually do include having lunch or dinner together after a big project, sending support for members’ personal achievements, and having catch-up calls.

## Legal Field in the Shrimp Industry
The legal field, especially in the aquaculture industry, is both exciting and full of opportunity. The industry is growing rapidly, and the need for adaptive, critical, and solution-oriented legal support is on the rise.

In the aquaculture industry, especially shrimp farming, regulations related to the environment and business licensing tend to be complex. The Legal Team must have a deep understanding of environmental laws. Additionally, the shrimp sector is governed by specific sectoral regulations from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.

The Legal Team plays a key role in managing partnerships between the company and local farmers, which are often unique in nature, such as involving profit-sharing schemes, technical assistance, or exclusive purchasing agreements. This requires drafting partnership contracts that are flexible yet still protect the company’s legal interests.

Moreover, shrimp farming often involves informal or daily labor, which presents its own set of challenges for the Legal Team regarding employment agreements, workers rights, and occupational health and safety standards. Land-related issues are also a major concern, as many farms are located in coastal areas that are uncertified or border state or customary land, increasing the risk of disputes. The Legal Team must proactively ensure land legality and compliance with coastal spatial planning.
## 
A Message for Aspiring Legal Professionals
Working in a Legal Team within the shrimp industry requires a broad and in-depth understanding of sectoral regulations, environmental sensitivity, and the ability to adapt to both technical and natural challenges. Therefore, JALA’s Legal Team shares a few tips for you who are interested in this path: 
- Understand the aquaculture business deeply, from day-to-day operations to the broader ecosystem.
- Master cross-sector regulations, from environmental, trade, to marine permits.
- Build strong communication and cross-functional collaboration skills.
- Learn in the field as regulations will come alive when we understand the real-world context. 
- Work with heart because legal work is about making an impact on the ecosystem and community.

## Join us as a Warga JALA
The Legal Team is just one of multiple strategic positions at JALA. Fueled by their strong interest and supported by numerous benefits as Warga JALA, JALA’s Legal Team carries out their work with enthusiasm, and it shows in their achievements.

Interested in becoming a Warga JALA? Check the vacancies currently open on [JALA career page](https://jala.tech/careers)!

More than just handling legal matters, JALA’s Legal Team fosters an open, trusting work environment, and stays adaptable in the face of challenges.

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Collaborative and Adaptive: A Glimpse of JALA’s Legal Team

Lately, we've been hearing more frequent reports of shrimp exports from Asia, especially from Indonesia, being rejected by major destination countries such as United States, European Union, and Japan. One of the main reasons behind these rejections is the presence of antibiotic residues in shrimp products.

For aquaculture practitioners, this isn’t just a technical issue. Antibiotic residues can lead to serious consequences, not only the financial loss from rejected shipments, but also the damage they cause to the global reputation of Indonesian shrimp.

So, what exactly are antibiotic residues? Let’s take a closer look at the risks and how to prevent!

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## Real Cases from Vietnam and Thailand
In 2023, Japan rejected 11 out of 21 shrimp shipments from Vietnam due to the presence of a banned oxytetracycline antibiotic. In response, Vietnam’s relevant authorities issued an apology and promised tighter product monitoring, including requiring farmers to conduct proper testing before processing and shipment.

In 2024, shrimp from Thailand was also rejected by Japan due to detected enrofloxacin residues, which are prohibited in vannamei shrimp farming.

## Why Are Antibiotic Residues Dangerous?
Using antibiotics in shrimp farming can be helpful to treat and prevent bacterial infections. However, if misused such as overusing or not observing proper withdrawal periods, the active substances can remain in the shrimp's body as residues. These residues pose serious risks to both human health and the environment.

### Effects of Antibiotic Residues on Consumers
1. Antibiotic Resistance: Consuming products containing antibiotic residues can promote the development of resistant bacteria in humans, making infections harder to treat.
2. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals are sensitive to certain antibiotics, such as sulfonamides or tetracyclines, which can trigger allergic responses.
3. Serious Health Issues: Contamination with antibiotics like chloramphenicol or nitrofuran has been linked to severe health conditions such as aplastic anemia or even cancer.

### Environment Impact of Antibiotic Residues
Wastewater from shrimp ponds that contains antibiotics can alter the natural microbiota and contribute to antibiotic resistance in aquatic microorganisms. This disrupts the surrounding ecosystem and increases the risk of spreading resistant bacteria.

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## Avoid These High Risk Substances
Farmers should never use the following substances in shrimp aquaculture without official supervision, as they are highly restricted or banned in many countries:
1. **Chloramphenicol**: This substance was once commonly used in shrimp farms to treat serious bacterial infections such as vibriosis. However, it has been proven to cause aplastic anemia in humans when consumed.
2. **Nitrofuran**: Typically used to treat bacterial infections and as a growth promoter during the early stages of cultivation. However, this substance is difficult to break down and leaves long term residues in shrimp tissue, which is why its use has been globally banned in aquaculture.
3. **Enrofloksasin/Ciprofloxacin**: Usually used to treat systemic infections or contagious diseases in shrimp caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio spp. Although once considered effective, its use without strict supervision can contribute to antibiotic resistance in humans.
4. **Tetracycline**: Used to treat bacterial infections in shrimp, including in newly stocked post larvae or during unstable weather conditions. This substance is prohibited because it can easily leave residues in shrimp tissue if not applied with the correct dosage and withdrawal time.
5. **Sulfite (Sodium Metabisulfite and Sodium Bisulfite)**: Although these substances are used in certain amounts to prevent melanosis in shrimp, their unsupervised use can cause allergic reactions in humans.

## What Can We Do at the Farm?
### Use Eco-Friendly Alternatives
Reduce reliance on antibiotics by using probiotics, prebiotics, vaccines, or biofloc technology. These methods have proven effective in improving shrimp health without leaving behind harmful residues.

### Implement Quality Assurance Systems
Adopt standards such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) and BAP (Best Aquaculture Practices) to ensure that every stage of production from hatchery to harvest meets food safety requirements and is ready for global markets.

### Improve Farmer Education and Outreach
Farmers need proper training on the dangers of antibiotic residues and responsible aquaculture practices. Continuous education and outreach will strengthen awareness and production quality in the field.

### Strengthen Monitoring and Regulation
Processing companies and exporters must ensure that raw materials come from farms that are residue free and comply with food safety standards. In this regard, the government needs to tighten regulations on antibiotic use by banning certain types, setting safe dosage limits, and conducting regular inspections to ensure compliance.

## Conclusion
Antibiotic residues are a serious concern that shrimp farmers must address. The real world cases from Vietnam and Thailand show that export destination countries are becoming increasingly strict in screening imported seafood, including shrimp from Indonesia. To prevent rejections, farmers should start adopting safer alternatives and ensure their farming practices meet quality standards. Education and responsible aquaculture are key to long term sustainability.

Don't let months of hard work go to waste because of substances that should never have been used. With responsible farming, we not only protect our export potential, but also the future of Indonesian shrimp in the eyes of the world.

For more optimal farm monitoring, you can use [JALA App](https://jala.tech/id/app), a shrimp farm management application developed by JALA. Equipped with features like recording over 40 parameters and analytical charts, you can anticipate potential issues and make faster, more precise decisions.

Access JALA App at [app.jala.tech](http://app.jala.tech) and download the mobile version from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818). It’s time to farm better!

References:
- https://shrimpalliance.com/food-regulatory-authorities-in-the-eu-japan-and-the-united-states-once-again-confirm-that-india-and-vietnam-continue-to-use-banned-antibiotics-in-their-shrimp-aquaculture/
- https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/importedfoods/15/15-07.html

Antibiotic residues in shrimp can pose serious risks to consumers and the environment, often leading to export rejection in various countries.

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Understand the Dangers of Antibiotic Residues to Prevent Shrimp Export Rejection in Global Market

Undersized shrimp are shrimp that are noticeably smaller than the average population in the same pond. They tend to grow slowly and often show signs of weakness or poor health. These shrimp may appear due to various causes, such as feed competition, poor-quality [shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-strategy-to-choose-the-right-shrimp-fry), disease infections (like EHP), or unstable water quality.

The presence of undersized shrimp in a pond can result in losses for shrimp farmers. What kind of losses are those? Discover the answer below.

<ToC />

## Characteristics of Undersized Shrimp
If you find shrimp in your pond that show the following signs, they are likely undersized:
- Significantly smaller than the rest of the population in the pond.
- Slow growth despite being the same age.
- Thin and disproportionate body shape.
- Pale or less vibrant than healthy shrimp.
- Sluggish movement, often seen idle at the pond bottom.
- Low appetite or little to no response during feeding.
- Sometimes infected with diseases like EHP or other visible symptoms.

## Losses Caused by Undersized Shrimp
### Uneven Harvests
Undersized shrimp lead to uneven harvests. This affects pricing, as buyers typically prefer uniform sizes, such as size 100, 70, or 50. A mixed-size harvest can downgrade shrimp and result in lower grading.

### Lower Selling Prices
Smaller shrimp from the undersized group are usually priced much lower, even be rejected by buyers if they fall too far below market standards. The accumulation of these small shrimp can significantly reduce the total value of your harvest.

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### Increase Production Costs
To compensate for the smaller shrimp’s slow growth, farmers often extend the cultivation period or increase feed amount. This definitely drives up [operational costs](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/tips-to-reduce-vannamei-shrimp-farming-cost), covering feed, electricity (paddle wheels, aerators), labor, water management, and maintenance.

### Increase Disease Risk
Undersized shrimp are typically weak and under stress, making them more vulnerable to diseases. If not separated or managed properly, they can become a source of pathogen spread to the healthy shrimp population, especially if not separated or managed properly.

### Lower Survival Rate (SR)
If undersized shrimp keep growing and cause imbalance in the pond ecosystem, the mortality rate may rise and lead to a lower overall SR.

### Low Feed Efficiency (High FCR)
Since a portion of the shrimp population doesn't grow optimally despite continuous feeding, the [Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/achieving-efficient-shrimp-farming-pay-attention-to-fcr) increases. This means more feed is required to produce 1 kg of shrimp, reducing feed efficiency and increasing production costs.

### Longer Cultivation Period
To achieve the target harvest size, the cultivation period is often prolonged. This reduces the frequency of pond cycles, ultimately hindering annual productivity, especially if the farm can only harvest 2–3 times a year.

## Conclusion
Undersized shrimp can be a significant source of loss in vannamei shrimp farming. From lower selling prices, rising production costs, to disease risks, they can disrupt your harvest success.

To avoid such losses, you need to focus on early prevention, including choosing high-quality shrimp fry, implementing proper feeding management, maintaining water quality conditions, and monitoring shrimp health regularly.

For more optimal farm monitoring, you can use [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), a shrimp farm management application developed by JALA. Equipped with features like recording over 40 parameters and analytical charts, you can anticipate potential issues and make faster, more precise decisions.

Access JALA App at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) and download the mobile version from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818). It’s time to farm better!

The presence of undersized shrimp in a pond can lead to losses for farmers, from inconsistent harvest sizes to prolonged cultivation periods.

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Losses Caused by Undersized Shrimp in Vannamei Shrimp Farming

The Climate Smart Shrimp Farming (CSSF) project, an initiative combining sustainable shrimp farming practices, ecological restoration, and the application of technology, today announced the successful completion of its first production cycle with a harvest in Lalombi, Central Sulawesi. This milestone marks a significant moment in the journey toward environmentally responsible food production.

The project successfully harvested healthy, high-quality shrimp from four ponds, with average size of 24 shrimp per kilogram and meeting strict export standards. This success highlights the viability of an aquaculture model that prioritizes both productivity and sustainability.

![article-panen CSSF.jpeg](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_panen_CSSF_9671143a89.jpeg)

What sets the CSSF project apart is its core innovation of the three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. The CSSF farm is located on restored mangrove land, where the mangroves serve as natural biofilters that help improve water quality. The project demonstrates that shrimp farming can coexist with nature, while also enhancing the added value of shrimp through the environment in which they are produced.

“The successful of the first harvest of CSSF Lalombi farm proves how investment opportunities for mangrove land in ponds can make pond businesses still profitable, of course also supported by JALA's digital technology. Next, we will find a way how the pond model adjacent to mangroves can be scalable.” said Liris Maduningtyas, CEO of JALA. 

A key aspect of the project is its collaboration with Konservasi Indonesia. Burhanuddin, Fisheries and Aquaculture Program Manager at Konservasi Indonesia, emphasized the integrated method applied in Lalombi CSSF farm. “This approach integrates wastewater treatment facilities, efficient farming practices, and mangrove restoration as a natural biofilter. The result is a balance between increased production and the conservation of coastal ecosystems,” he said.

![article-panen CSSF1.jpeg](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_panen_CSSF_1_f4d652638a.jpeg)

With this successful first harvest, the CSSF project is ready to continue and further optimize the farm while enriching surrounding mangrove forests. Further steps include scaling up production and actively identifying other idle lands to implement farming that coexists with nature. This pioneering effort in Lalombi is expected to become a model for environmentally conscious aquaculture and to strengthen the potential of sustainable shrimp as the key pillar in the global food supply chain.

**About the Climate Smart Shrimp Farming Project**

The Climate Smart Shrimp Farming (CSSF) project is an initiative dedicated to advancing sustainable, technology-driven aquaculture practices. By integrating ecological restoration with efficient farming methods, the project aims to produce high-quality shrimp while safeguarding environmental integrity and empowering local communities.

**About JALA**

JALA is an aquaculture technology company committed to lead the global shrimp industry with innovation, sustainability, and trusted supply chain solutions. To achieve this vision, JALA offers a set of solutions that include cultivation technology, which takes the form of a water quality measurement device and shrimp farming management application, cultivation consultation and assistance, aqua input access, harvest service, and market access for farmers. JALA’s missions are to make the global shrimp industry supply chain consolidated to lower the landed cost of fresh shrimp and to guide the whole supply chain to ensure quality, transparency, and sustainability.

For more information, please visit [https://jala.tech/](https://www.jala.tech/) 

**About Konservasi Indonesia**

Konservasi Indonesia is a leading environmental organization committed to protecting Indonesia’s natural heritage. Through partnerships and innovative programs, they work to conserve biodiversity, restore ecosystems, and support sustainable livelihoods. Konservasi Indonesia envisions a healthy, prosperous Indonesia where vital ecosystems, on land and at sea, are well-managed to provide long-term benefits for its people.

For more information, please visit [https://konservasi-id.org/](https://konservasi-id.org/)

The project successfully harvested healthy, high-quality shrimp from four ponds, with average size of 24 shrimp per kilogram and meeting strict export standards.

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Climate Smart Shrimp Farming Project Celebrates First Harvest, Paving the Way for Sustainable Aquaculture in Asia

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2024 and outlook conference for 2025.

Shrimp Outlook Report 2025 | Jala

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Shrimp Outlook 2025

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2023 and outlook conference for 2024.

Shrimp Outlook 2024

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2022 and outlook conference for 2023.

Shrimp Outlook 2023

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2021 and outlook conference for 2022.

Shrimp Outlook 2022

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Shrimp farmers deal with complex farming operations every day. They have to input data on farm conditions, ensure optimal water quality, and many more. In addition, they must conduct shrimp sampling and manage laboratory test results for their pond water quality. All of this requires time, precision, and a great deal of effort.

Unfortunately, some of these processes are performed manually and are time-consuming. That’s why farmers need a fast, efficient, and accurate way to run their farm and keep it productive. 

<ToC />

## Introducing JALA App Plus: Smart Solution for Shrimp Farmers
JALA App Plus is the newest subscription program from the JALA App, built for farmers who want to take their daily operations to the next level and make their farming process more efficient, right at their fingertips. With exclusive features only available on JALA App Plus and accessible via smartphone, you can save administrative work time, particularly data input, and accelerate daily farm decision making. 

JALA App Plus is here to help you:
- Input data more quickly and efficiently
- Gain insights to maintain farm performance
- Improve precision in farm management, especially water quality control

## JALA App Plus Exclusive Features
Starting in May 2025, you can access these features by subscribing to JALA App Plus from your smartphone:
1. **Photo Sampling**: Capture shrimp photos directly from your smartphone and upload to the JALA App to instantly identify their MBW, weight distribution, and detect signs of undersized shrimp.
2. **Chemical Prediction**: Get estimates for four key chemical parameters (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, TOM) by consistently recording feed and water quality data for four consecutive days.
3. **Scan Document**: [Scan handwritten records on paper](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/record-cultivation-data-effortlessly-by-capturing-photos-of-your-manual-notes), and JALA App will automatically convert it into digital data.
4. **Scan Lab Result**: [Upload lab test results](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/scan-lab-result-feature) in PDF or image files to the JALA App and convert it into digital data automatically.
5. **Smart Input**: Input daily data to the JALA App using simple prompts. Our [AI system](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/smart-input-feature) will convert it into structured and integrated data seamlessly.

## Flexible Subscription Scheme
JALA App Plus is linked directly to your account, unlike the PRO Cycle which is linked to specific ponds. Once subscribed, all farms and ponds connected to that account will have access to JALA App Plus features.

If you have already subscribed to the PRO Cycle, you can enjoy the access to JALA App Plus without having to make a separate transaction. JALA App Plus subscriptions cannot be canceled, but you can purchase a new plan and the active period will be automatically extended.

## JALA App Plus Subscription Plans and Pricing
JALA App Plus offers three period-based subscription plans that you can choose based on your needs.

![PAKET LANGGANAN_EN.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/PAKET_LANGGANAN_EN_ef2e943bf4.png)
*Promotional price is only valid until July 2025

## How to Subscribe to JALA App Plus
Follow these steps to start your subscription to JALA App Plus:
1. On the JALA App mobile homepage, tap the **Upgrade** button at the top.
2. Select your preferred subscription plan and tap the **Subscribe Now** button.
3. You will be redirected to Google Play Store or App Store for payment. Select your preferred payment method and complete the transaction.
4. Once payment is successful, you’ll see an “**Upgrade Successful**" pop-up notification. Tap **Explore Plus Features** to learn more about JALA App Plus features that you can access.

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##It’s Time to Transform the Way You Work and Upgrade to JALA App Plus!
More than just a set of extra features, JALA App Plus provides greater efficiency and peace of mind in managing your shrimp farm. Starting now, manage your farm with more clarity and less hassle, right from your smartphone.

Upgrade your account to JALA App Plus and experience the difference!

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Manage Your Farm Smarter and Easier with JALA App Plus

One of JALA’s efforts to be #HeretoHelp farmers along their cultivation journey is through the shrimp farm management application [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). To help farmers record and monitor cultivation conditions more quickly and efficiently, we have released the newest version of JALA App mobile with various performance improvements. 

<ToC />

### Introducing the latest version of JALA App mobile 
The newest version of JALA App mobile is now available to download and use for a smoother, easier, and more efficient farm management. What are the updates that users can enjoy?

## 1. 4x faster loading time, no more long waits!
The newest version of JALA App mobile has been upgraded with a loading time that is 4 times faster, and users no longer have to wait too long to open and load the app.

## 2. Renewed ‘Monitoring’ feature display: easier pond comparisons
Users can now compare cultivation conditions between ponds in a more comprehensive display for easier decision making in the farm. This can be done through the ‘Monitoring’ feature, accessible from the Homepage. 

## 3. More comprehensive feed data record with feed product input
JALA App basic users can input data for ‘Feed Product’, recording the band and type of feed product they use throughout cultivation. Inputting feed data can be done under the ‘Pond’ menu on the Homepage.

## 4. Check complete laboratory data with the ‘See All’ feature
After inputting data under Chemical, Plankton, and Microbiology in the ‘Pond’ menu, users can now check the complete data more easily with the newly added ‘See All’ function. 

## 5. Simpler and more efficient display for cultivation data input form
Do you often use JALA App mobile when recording data directly in the farm? Now, you can enjoy a more concise display for cultivation data input form, allowing you to record data more easily. Simply click the “+” or Input menu on the Homepage and you will be redirected to Quick Input, allowing you to choose the parameter you want to record.

## 6. Updated Shrimp Disease portal with renewed information
Aside from recording cultivation data and monitoring their farm, users can also use JALA App as their credible source of aquaculture information, such as through the Disease feature on the Homepage. Farmers can now learn an updated and enhanced shrimp disease resource bank to never miss out on the latest insights.

#### Watch the full update via the following video: [JALA App Mobile Comes with 4x Faster Loading Time 🚀](https://youtu.be/k8nHicLlhZ4)


### Update your JALA App mobile to the newest version!
Those are the updates that you can enjoy on the newest version of JALA App mobile. Overall, JALA App now has a more user-friendly interface and comprehensive information display. With these improvements, we hope users can use JALA App mobile more comfortably as their daily farm management application.

Before updating to the newest version of JALA App mobile, make sure that your data has been synchronized. If you are a PRO Cycle user, you can also enjoy more exclusive features such as the [Chemical Prediction](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/jala-app-chemical-prediction-feature), [Scan Document](https://jala.tech/blog/product-updates/record-cultivation-data-effortlessly-by-capturing-photos-of-your-manual-notes), and [Sampling Photo](https://youtu.be/w-LQs0Fv7Jk) feature for more optimal cultivation management. 

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What are you waiting for? Update your JALA App from [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=id) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818), and register yourself at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) if you haven’t joined JALA App!

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Manage Your Farm More Efficiently: Enjoy the New JALA App Mobile, Now 4x Faster!

Shrimp size is an important parameter in cultivation and [harvest](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-are-6-important-steps-of-shrimp-harvesting-process). Within one cycle, farmers usually aim for a specific size of shrimp, hence it is essential for you to know how to calculate shrimp size.

By understanding how to calculate shrimp size and knowing the exact numbers, you will be able to plan feed management better and determine the optimal price at harvest. You can save money on feed and sell your shrimp at best prices.

However, before figuring out how to calculate shrimp size, you have to understand what shrimp size is. Check out the discussion below.

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## What is Shrimp Size?
Shrimp size is closely related to the amount of shrimp and becomes a benchmark for profits in one cycle. Here’s the short explanation:

### An indicator of the amount of shrimp in 1 kilogram
A shrimp's size is determined by counting how many shrimp there are in every one kilogram. For instance, if you find a size 50 shrimp, it means there are 50 shrimp per one kilogram. The smaller the shrimp size number, the heavier and bigger the shrimp.

### Benchmark for selling prices
Shrimp size becomes a benchmark for selling prices to suppliers and an estimate of the future profits. Therefore, the smaller the shrimp size number, the higher the selling price and vice versa. For example, size 50 shrimp has a higher price than size 100 shrimp.

## The minimal size target of vannamei shrimp
Farmers usually aim for a minimum size of 100 during the first partial harvest. Size 100 shrimp already has a solid economic value and the demand for it is quite high. In addition to size 100, the demand for size 90 to size 50 shrimp on both domestic and export markets is high as well.

## How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size?
Once you understand what shrimp size is, you also need to understand how to calculate vannamei shrimp size. Apart from being calculated at harvest, vannamei shrimp size can also be calculated on a certain Day of Culture (DoC) through [sampling](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/does-weekly-sampling-really-cause-losses-in-shrimp-farms).

Sampling is the activity of monitoring shrimp condition through multiple samples in feeding trays or nets. This activity is conducted periodically to determine the size, growth rate, Average Body Weight (ABW), and [Average Daily Gain (ADG)](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/what-is-adg) of the shrimp from time to time. From the sampling results, farmers can also identify potential disease symptoms.

During sampling, you can use the following formula for calculating shrimp size:
![How to Calculate Shrimp Size.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/How_to_Calculate_Shrimp_Size_014209b2b0.png)

For example, a farmer conducted sampling on DoC of 56 days and found that the ABW of his shrimp sample was 10.47 grams. The farmer wanted to know the shrimp size, hence he did the following calculations:

Size = 1,000 grams / 10.47 grams = 95,5

From the calculation above, the shrimp size obtained is 95.5 shrimp/kg.

## Conclusion
In vannamei shrimp farming, size is 
- A measurement based on the amount of shrimp in every one kilogram
- One of the benchmarks for selling prices

Vannamei shrimp size calculation is done by dividing 1,000 grams by ABW. This calculation can be conducted both at harvest and at periodical sampling.

To assist you in monitoring the sampling results, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp with the recording and analysis features of 40+ cultivation parameters. In addition to record sampling results, you can also record [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/four-important-physical-parameters-of-water-quality-in-shrimp-farms), feed, disease, shrimp mortality, harvest, and many more.

Let’s cultivate productively and efficiently with JALA App! Download the app on Google Play Store or App Store.

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How to Calculate Vannamei Shrimp Size: Here's the Complete Explanation!

The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of several stages, starting from eggs to finally becoming adult shrimp. Every developmental stage has different characteristics.

It is important to understand the life cycle of vannamei shrimp larvae to provide them with appropriate treatment. By understanding the life cycle of vannamei shrimp, you can identify their needs and adjust their surroundings.

What are the stages of vannamei shrimp life cycle and how should the larvae be treated? Read more in this article.

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## What is the Life Cycle of Vannamei Shrimp?
The life cycle of vannamei shrimp begins with spawning between male and female shrimp. Female shrimp that have reached maturity or have reached 7-8 months and have an orange color on their backs can become broodstock. 

The female shrimp will release pheromones that stimulate male shrimp. After that, the mating process occurs. Later, the mating process between the male and female shrimp produces eggs which will be laid by the female shrimp.

About 4-5 hours later, female shrimp or now broodstock lay eggs. These eggs are pre-larvae which will later develop into cultivated vannamei shrimp.

Furthermore, read the following explanation about stages of shrimp life cycle:

### 1. Eggs
A broodstock is usually capable of delivering 500,000-1,000,000 eggs each time it lays eggs. These eggs are kept apart from their broodstock in a different pond.

It takes 12-16 hours for the eggs to eventually hatch into microscopic larvae (naupli).

### 2. Naupli
Naupli or nauplius is the initial stage of development of vannamei shrimp larvae. At this stage, shrimp larvae at this stage have food reserves such as egg yolk stored in their bodies, hence they do not need artificial feed intake yet.

Throughout the naupli stage, the larvae undergoes six changes of form, namely Nauplius I, Nauplius II, Nauplius III, Nauplius IV, Nauplius V, and Nauplius VI.

![Naupli Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Naupli_Udang_Vaname_2168b28ce1.png)
Naupli (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 3. Zoea
Naupli will grow into zoea or 1.05–3.30 mm shrimp larvae. At this stage, zoea undergo three changes of form, namely Zoea I, Zoea II, and Zoea III, and can be fed natural feed. This stage lasts for 3-4 days.

![Zoea Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Zoea_Udang_Vaname_20ccc25218.png)
Zoea (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 4. Mysis
At the mysis stage, the larvae start to resemble shrimp because they have a fan-shaped tail. These larvae have the characteristic of moving backwards and bending their bodies (Azizah, 2018). 

Similar to zoea, mysis will undergo three changes in form, namely Mysis I, Mysis II, and Mysis III.

![Mysis Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Mysis_Udang_Vaname_fc974ca77e.png)
Mysis (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 5. Post Larvae
The count used at this stage uses days, for example if the post larvae are 1 day old, they are PL1. Apart from that, shrimp in the post-larvae stage have started to actively move around.

Post larvae are usually raised until PL11-PL12. At this stage, the post-larvae is known as [shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-strategy-to-choose-the-right-shrimp-fry) which are resistant to rearing conditions and are ready to be stocked in ponds.

![Post Larva Udang Vaname.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Post_Larva_Udang_Vaname_70ad575395.png)
Post Larvae (Wyban and Sweeney, 1991 in Nuraini, 2021)

### 6. Juvenile
Juvenile is the next stage of the shrimp life cycle following post larvae. At this stage, the shape of the shrimp already resembles adult shrimp. 

However, this stage is considered a vulnerable period in the shrimp life cycle because shrimp require a habitat with the right amount of feed and environmental conditions (Putri, Nitisupardjo, & Hendrarto, 2014). At this stage, the shrimp are transported from the hatchery to the farm for cultivation.

### 7. Young Shrimp
After 80-90 days from the juvenile stage, the shrimp will grow to be young shrimp. Its weight depends on the [cultivation system in the farm](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/shrimp-farm-type), ranging from extensive to supra-intensive.

### 8. Adult Shrimp
About 25-30 days later, the young shrimp grow to be adult shrimp, and this is the final stage of the shrimp life cycle. 

Shrimp can be said to be adult starting 4 months after the juvenile phase. In this stage, the shrimp are ready to be harvested because they already reach enough economic value.

## Tips for Rearing Shrimp Larvae
Vannamei shrimp larvae require the proper treatment during their life cycle to ensure the best potential growth into shrimp. Here are some measures that need to be taken to rear vannamei shrimp larvae:

### 1. Maintain Water Quality

Water is a crucial factor since it is the habitat where shrimp larvae grow. Therefore, make sure that the water quality parameters in the rearing pond, such as pH, temperature, [salinity](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/change-of-salinity-level-shrimp-ponds), and dissolved oxygen are in ideal conditions.

It is best to measure [water quality parameters](https://jala.tech/baruno) every day and record developments over time. These records can provide insights to help you take action in cultivation.

### 2. Manage Feed Properly
During the rearing period, shrimp larvae consume natural feed such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, especially since the zoea stage. However, if necessary, the hatchery will also provide artificial feed based on the nutritional needs of each larvae stage.

Shrimp larvae are fed 4-6 times a day in the [hatchery](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery). As the age of the shrimp larvae adds, the size of the feed and the dose given will increase. This is because the nutritional needs of shrimp larvae are increasing.

### 3. Prevent Diseases
[Shrimp disease](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-diseases/5-effective-ways-to-prevent-vannamei-shrimp-diseases) must also be paid attention to during the rearing period. Zoea Syndrome is one disease that often attacks shrimp larvae and is characterized by the larvae's unwillingness to eat since the Zoea I stage.

To prevent the spread of disease, it is best to separate the spawning tanks from the larvae rearing tanks. Additionally, maintain the sterility of the rearing area by, for example, making sure the person that helps with spawning them has received disinfection.

## Conclusion
The vannamei shrimp life cycle consists of 8 stages, namely
1. Eggs
2. Naupli
3. Zoea
4. Mysis
5. Post Larvae
6. Juvenile
7. Young Shrimp
8. Adult Shrimp

Once you understand the life cycle, make sure the hatchery where you get your shrimp fry implements the proper measures for rearing vannamei shrimp larvae. An SPF or SPR certificate is also required to minimize the risk of disease attacks and improve [the quality of the shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/successful-tips-in-maintaining-shrimp-quality) itself at harvest.

The next important thing is recording the daily conditions of cultivation. In addition to the development of the shrimp fry, other variables such as feed, disease, and water quality measures should also be recorded.

The good news is, JALA is #HeretoHelp through [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app). With JALA App, you can record and monitor the condition of your shrimp farming at any time and from anywhere right at your fingertips regularly. Let's cultivate more productively and efficiently with JALA App!

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**References**

[4 Pilihan Pakan untuk Benur Udang Vaname Tumbuh Optimal | Minapoli ](https://www.minapoli.com/info/4-pilihan-pakan-untuk-benur-udang-vaname-tumbuh-optimal)

Azizah, N. (2018). _Teknik Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _di PT. Central Pertiwi Bahari Takalar Sulawesi Selatan_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/dokumen_isi/Monograf/TUGAS%20AKHIR%20LENGKAP%20ACC-dikompresi_003.pdf)

Haliman, R. W., dkk. (2005). Zoea Syndrome (ZS) pada Larva Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). _Biosfera_, 22(1), 6–11. [https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id](https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/77) 

Malik, A. (2018). _Teknik Pemijahan dan Pengelolaan Telur Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus Vannamei) _di PT. Suri Tani Pemuka (Japfa) Unit Hatchery Makassar Kabupaten Barru_ (final thesis). Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep, Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Retrieved in 2024, from [https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id](https://repository.polipangkep.ac.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/MGFjOTQ5ZTI5NmMxZjczNGE1YTQyMTZlNzFkYzZmYzVhMmQ4OGM2Nw==.pdf)

Putri, N. F., Nitisupadjo, M., Hendrarto, B. (2014). Analisis Kelimpahan Juvenil Udang dengan Menggunakan Metode Perangkap Agar-agar dan Pemberian Pakan Udang di Perairan Morosari, Demak. _Diponegoro Journal of Maquares_, 3(3), 1-9. [https://www.neliti.com](https://www.neliti.com/publications/191676/analisis-kelimpahan-juvenil-udang-dengan-menggunakan-metode-perangkap-agar-agar#id-section-content) 

[Siklus Hidup Udang Vaname | Agrikan](https://agrikan.id/siklus-hidup-udang-vaname/)

Wyban, J., & Sweeney, J. N. (1991)._ Intensive shrimp production technology: The Oceanic Institute Shrimp Manual_. The Institute. dalam Nuraini, A. N. (2021). _Pemeliharaan Larva Udang Vaname_ (Litopenaeus vannamei) _dengan Penambahan Probiotik Monodon Plus pada Media Pemeliharaan_ (diploma thesis). Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung. Retrieved in 2024, from [http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/](http://repository.polinela.ac.id/2058/) 

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Vannamei Shrimp Life Cycle: From Eggs to Adult Shrimp

Shrimp cultivation is often considered [a promising business](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/4-reasons-why-shrimp-farming-is-considered-promising), especially in Indonesia, a country with significant potential for cultivation due to its geographical location and climate. Among various types of shrimp, the ones commonly cultivated are freshwater shrimp.

Before starting a [shrimp farming business](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-things-to-consider-before-starting-a-shrimp-farming-business), prospective farmers interested in exploring the shrimp cultivation industry need to get familiar with the various types of freshwater shrimp that are often cultivated in ponds in order to decide which type of shrimp to cultivate based on their characteristics.

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## Various Types of Freshwater Shrimp
There are several types of freshwater shrimp that are popularly cultivated in Indonesia, such as the giant freshwater prawn, monkey river prawn, and the red nose shrimp. Let's explore the characteristics of each shrimp type!

### 1. Giant Freshwater Prawn
Next is the giant freshwater prawn (_Macrobrachium rosenbergii_), which is commonly found in rivers and coastal estuaries in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and China. With a large body size, reaching up to 30 cm, and sweet, juicy flesh, giant freshwater prawns have a slow growth rate, taking about 180 days to reach a high economic value.

![udang galah](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_galah_4d67f2736d.png)

Giant freshwater prawns come in various colors such as green, blue, brown, and yellow, with a curved long rostrum and longer claws compared to their legs.

### 2. Monkey River Prawn
The monkey river prawn (_Macrobrachium lar_) is commonly found in the West Indo-Pacific region. This type of shrimp thrives in both saltwater and freshwater habitats. Still, it is one of the most common types of freshwater shrimp cultivated in farms, where cultivation approximately takes 110 days.

![udang lar](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_lar_748af1cb3b.jpeg)

Monkey river prawns have a considerably large body, with lengths reaching up to 18 cm. They can withstand high salinity in water, and exhibit good resistance to diseases, contributing to high productivity.

### 3. Red Nose Shrimp
Another type of cultivated shrimp with high economic value is the red nose shrimp (_Caridina gracilirostris_). They can be found in various regions such as Japan, Fiji, Indonesia, and Madagascar, particularly in rivers and estuaries. 

![udang beras](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/udang_beras_1b3c12cfd4.jpeg)

These yellow-orange, slightly transparent shrimp are not only sold as food but also popular as aquarium decorations due to their attractive red rostrum. They also consume algae, which makes them beneficial for aquarium owners.

### 4. Freshwater Crayfish
Freshwater crayfish (_Astacoidea_) is another type of freshwater shrimp commonly cultivated in farms. This type of shrimp lives in swamps, lakes, and rivers of various continents. Due to its low stress level and disease susceptibility, as well as the ability to grow quickly, this type of freshwater shrimp can be cultivated easily in soil-based ponds. 

![lobster air tawar (sumber: pak tani digital)](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/lobster_air_tawar_26d04e85d6.jpeg)

Several kinds of popular freshwater crayfish for cultivation include the red claw crayfish, red swamp crayfish, which is smaller in size, and the common yabby, known for its high tolerance towards extreme weather conditions including drought.

### 5. Roshna Prawn
The final type of shrimp on the list is the roshna prawn (_Palaemon styliferus_). This type of shrimp is also commonly found in Indo-Pacific regions including Iraq, Bangladesh, and Hong Kong. These freshwater shrimp grow well in tropical areas.

Roshna prawns are pale yellow and slightly transparent with a cone-shaped head are popularly processed as ebi with a high market price which makes it attractive for farmers.

## Conclusion
Various types of freshwater shrimp that are popular for cultivation include:
- Giant freshwater prawn
- Monkey river prawn
- Red nose shrimp
- Slipper lobster
- Roshna prawn

Before starting cultivation, make sure to understand the characteristics of each shrimp type to choose the most suitable one for your business goals. Additionally, provide appropriate [treatment](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/7-effective-treatments-in-shrimp-cultivation-management) in your farm according to the type of shrimp, ensuring that they grow well and can be sold at a profitable price. 

To ensure the success of your cultivation, JALA is #HeretoHelp you with [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), an application to record and monitor cultivation conditions regularly and conveniently. Register on JALA App through app.jala.tech or download the mobile version from Google Play Store or App Store to start your cultivation journey today!