Phosphate (PO₄) plays an essential role in shrimp farming ecosystems. It supports plankton growth as a natural feed source, aids shrimp physiological processes, and serves as an indicator of good water quality. Balanced phosphate management helps create a healthy, productive, and sustainable farming environment.
Phosphate in ponds can come from fertilization processes such as the use of TSP or organic manure, but it is important to ensure that the type of fertilizer used does not trigger the spread of diseases or pathogens. It may also originate from uneaten feed and shrimp waste that accumulate at the pond bottom. Additionally, the decomposition of organic matter and the inflow of raw water, whether from rivers or seawater can contribute to phosphate levels.
Read on to learn more about the benefits of phosphate and how to manage it wisely.
The Role and Benefits of Phosphate in Shrimp Ponds
Phosphate offers many benefits for maintaining pond ecosystem balance:
- Nutrient source for phytoplankton. Phosphate is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton growth, which in turn becomes a natural food source for shrimp larvae and postlarvae.
- Pond productivity. Adequate phosphate availability promotes the production of natural food in the pond, phosphate-rich water is often indicated by a greenish color.
- Water quantity and quality. Optimal phosphate levels in shrimp ponds range between 0.1–1.0 mg/L, typically derived from the decomposition of feed residues, shrimp excretion, organic waste, and fertilizer use.
- Shrimp growth. Proper phosphorus supplementation in culture water can improve shrimp growth rate, both in length and weight.
Risks of Uncontrolled Phosphate Levels
While phosphate offers many benefits, its concentration must be controlled to maintain pond stability and prevent negative impacts.
