Water quality in shrimp ponds plays a crucial role in the success of aquaculture. One key parameter that must be carefully controlled is ammonia (NH₃). Excess ammonia can seriously threaten shrimp health and reduce productivity. In shrimp pond environments, ammonia is produced from shrimp waste and the decomposition of leftover feed or other organic matter.
Ammonia exists in two forms, free ammonia (NH₃), which is toxic to shrimp, and ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), which are relatively harmless. The balance between these two forms is strongly influenced by pH and water temperature. When temperature rises or pH exceeds 8, more free ammonia (NH₃) is formed, increasing the risk of shrimp poisoning.
So, what are the impacts of excessive ammonia and how can it be reduced in shrimp ponds? Let’s take a closer look.
Negative Impacts of High Ammonia on Shrimp
Excessive ammonia levels in ponds not only lower water quality but also cause a range of serious effects on shrimp. Common impacts include:
- Reduced appetite and growth, leading to lower productivity.
- Oxidative stress, which weakens the immune system and increases vulnerability to diseases such as Vibrio bacterial infections.
- Gill tissue damage, which disrupts gas exchange, reduces oxygen levels in the blood, and interferes with respiration.
- Decreased Survival Rate (SR) due to stress and toxicity.
- Mass shrimp mortality if ammonia levels are not controlled promptly.
How to Reduce Ammonia Levels in Shrimp Ponds
To prevent the harmful effects of ammonia buildup, proper pond management is essential. Some effective strategies include:
